Lab 9

Question 1

what is a purpose for a pedigree chart

Answer 1

help illustrate how a trait is inherited from one generation to the next

Question 2

what is a defining characteristic of mammals

Answer 2

mothers can produce milk for infants through lactation

Question 3

what components make up the mothers milk

Answer 3

proteins
fats
carbs
- all aid in growth and development

Question 4

what is the main carb in a mothers milk

Answer 4

lactose (disaccharide)

Question 5

what is the function of the lactase enzyme

Answer 5

breaks lactose down into two monosaccharides called glucose and galactose. The sugars are then absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 6

when do young mammals stop making lactase

Answer 6

when they stop drinking their mother’s milk

Question 7

what happens when lactase is not produced in adult mammals

Answer 7

lactose travels undigested straight through the small intestine and to the large intestine. Bacteria will process to digest the lactose and can cause bodily issues.

Question 8

lactase persistence

Answer 8

persistent production of the lactase enzyme into adulthood

Question 9

lactase Non persistence

Answer 9

adult mammals that stop producing lactase enzyme

Question 10

lactose tolerance

Answer 10

ability to digest lactose, the sugar in milk, without any problems

Question 11

lactose intolerance

Answer 11

unable to digest lactose without any problems

Question 12

how are genes regulated

Answer 12

by genetic elements called switches

Question 13

what is an example of a switch

Answer 13

lactase switch turns the lactase gene on, lactase enzyme is produced

Question 14

dominant

Answer 14

one mutant allele is sufficient and necessary to create the phenotype)

Question 15

recessive

Answer 15

all alleles must be mutated

Question 16

autosomal

Answer 16

gene on autosomal)

Question 17

X-linked

Answer 17

gene on X chromosome

Question 18

what are the difficulties associated with studying human genetics?

Answer 18

Ethical issues
two few offspring
long generation time

Question 19

How to determine whether it’s dominant or recessive?

Answer 19

Check every affected individual.
Dominance means EVERY affected individual must have at least one affected parent. No exception. Not skipping a generation is correct but not specific enough

Question 20

how to determine the inheritance pattern of a pedigree

Answer 20

Determine whether it’s dominant or
recessive first as above. Compare autosomal and X-linked and see which one fits better. Identify a counter example