Lab 7: respiratory system

Question 1

name the 3 zones

Answer 1

conducting
transitional
respiratory

Question 2

describe conducting zone (parts of respiratory system) - 6

Answer 2

nasal cavity
larynx
trachea
bronchi
regular bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

Question 3

describe conducting zone

Answer 3

cleans, warms and moistens air before it reaches respiratory zone
cartilage and smooth muscle
NO GAS EXCHANGE

Question 4

describe transitional zone

Answer 4

only respiratory bronchioles
some smooth muscle but no cartilage
SOME gas exchange occurs here

Question 5

describe respiratory zone

Answer 5

alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
no cartilage, very little smooth muscle
GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS HERE

Question 6

what is typical respiratory epithelium

Answer 6

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 7

describe mucosa of trachea

Answer 7

Respiratory epithelium
lamina propria (loose CT)

Question 8

describe submucosa of trachea

Answer 8

dense irregular CT
mucous and serous glands
C ring of hyaline cartilage
trachealis muscle and other smooth muscle

Question 9

describe adventitia of trachea

Answer 9

dense irregular CT

Question 10

describe mucosa of intrapulmonary bronchus

Answer 10

wavy respiratory epithelium
fewer goblet cells
lamina propria is highly vascular

Question 11

describe submucosa of intrapulmonary bronchus

Answer 11

dense irregular CT
serous glands
plates of hyaline cartilage
smooth muscle

Question 12

describe adventitia of intrapulmonary bronchus

Answer 12

dense irregular CT mixed with lung tissue (intrapulmonary)

Question 13

describe mucosa of regular bronchiole

Answer 13

simple ciliated columnar epithelium
no goblet cells or club cells
wavy epithelium from contraction of smooth muscle
thin lamina propria

Question 14

describe submucosa of regular bronchiole

Answer 14

lots of smooth muscle - 2 layers
no cartilage or glands

Question 15

describe adventitia of regular bronchiole

Answer 15

hard to distinguish
very thin and mixed with lung tissue

Question 16

describe mucosa of terminal bronchiole

Answer 16

continuous layer of simple ciliated cuboidal cells and non ciliated cuboidal club cells
less wavy (less smooth msucle)
lamina propria nearly absent

Question 17

describe submucosa of terminal bronchiole

Answer 17

little smooth muscle
wall intact
no cartilage or glands

Question 18

describe adventitia of terminal bronchiole

Answer 18

cannot distinguish

Question 19

describe mucosa of respiratory bronchiole

Answer 19

discontinuous cuboidal epithelium with club cells
no ciliated cells or goblet cells
no lamina propria

Question 20

describe submucosa of respiratory bronchiole

Answer 20

smooth muscle protrudes to epithelium due to lack of lamina propria

Question 21

describe adventitia of respiratory bronchiole

Answer 21

cannot distinguish

Question 22

describe mucosa of alveolar duct

Answer 22

fist like projections
no lamina propria
hard to distinguish from respiratory bronchiole - fewer club cells

Question 23

describe submucosa of alveolar duct

Answer 23

discontinuous smooth muscle within epithelial fists

Question 24

describe adventitia of alveolar duct

Answer 24

cannot distinguish

Question 25

what is found in lung tissue

Answer 25

type 1 pneumocyte
type 2 pneumocyte
alveolar macrophage
Capillary endothelial cell

Question 26

describe type 1 pneumocyte (lung tissue)

Answer 26

simple squamous epithelial cell lining alveolar lumen

Question 27

describe type 2 pneumocyte (lung tissue)

Answer 27

secretory epithelial cell
large round nucleus
secretes pulmonary surfactant
often found in intralveolar septum

Question 28

describe alveolar macrophage (lung tissue)

Answer 28

large cell
irregular nucleus
free or fixed

Question 29

describe capillary endothelial cell (lung tissue)

Answer 29

shares BM with type 1 pneumocytes

Question 30

what were club cells formerly called

Answer 30

clara cells