Lab 11: Kidney Flashcards
functions of kidney
urine formation
regulation of blood pressure regulation of blood volume
regulation of a/b balance
formation and release of hormones
describe blood flow in kidney
renal artery –> interlobular artery –> arcuate artery –> interlobular artery –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> efferent arteriole
are collecting tubules part of nephron
NOOOO
describe cortex
notice outer layer or capsule of kidney
medullary rays visible
renal corpuscles in cortex
name parts of renal corpuscle
bowmans capsule
vascular pole
urinary pole
name and describe layers of bowmans capsule
parietal layer = outer, simple squamous epithelium
visceral layer = inner, made of podocytes (and pedicels - not visible)
describe vascular pole (of renal corpuscle)
where blood vessels enter
describe urinary pole (of renal corpuscle)
where glomerular filtrate exits via proximal convoluted tubule
name cortical tubules
PCT = proximal convoluted tubule
DCT = distal convoluted tubule
describe proximal convoluted tubule
darker staining
cells have striated appearance due to folding of PM around mitochondria
brush border due to microvilli (improves absorption)
central nuclei
cloudy lumen
describe distal convoluted tubule
cells are less acidophilic
apically located nucleus
relatively clean lumen
what is common for both PCT and DCT
cannot delineate lateral membranes
what are 2 layers of bowmans capsule separated by
bowmans space
between visceral and parietal layers
what are medullary rays
at center of each lobule = striated projections of medulla into cortex
name parts of medullary rays
collecting tubule
thick descending limb of loop of henle
thick ascending limb of loop of henle
describe collecting tubule (medullary rays)
cuboidal cells
Visible lateral membranes
not part of nephron
describe thick descending limb of loop of henle
(medullary rays)
similar to PCT
describe thick ascending limb of loop of henle
(medullary rays)
similar to DCT
name parts of juxtaglomerular apparatus
macula densa
juxtaglomerular cells
extraglomerular mesangial cells
describe macula densa of juxtaglomerular apparatus
part of DCT that comes close to afferent arteriole
large columnar cells
describe juxtaglomerular cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus
hard to see cells of afferent arteriole that contact macula densa
secretes hormone containing granules - secretes renin
describe extraglomerular mesangial cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus
cannot distinguish
describe medulla parts
thick limbs
thin limbs (only in medulla)
collecting ducts
area cribosa (opening of collecting ducts)
name parts of upper medulla
collecting ducts
thick descending and ascending limbs of loop of henle
describe collecting ducts of bellini of medulla
collecting tubules drain into these
Similar appearance
very visible lateral membranes
site of ADH/vasopressin activity
describe thick descending and ascending limbs of loop of henle of upper medulla
same appearance as in medullary rays
describe lower medulla
numerous collecting ducts of bellini
thin limb of loop of henle
describe thin limb of loop of henle of lower medulla
similar appearance to capillary except capillary contains plasma cells (red)
thin limb appears empty
describe medulla
paler staining than cortex
striated appearance
no renal corpuscle
vasa recta = capillaries branching from efferent arteriole
describe area cribosa
at apex of the medullary pyramids = urine from collecting ducts drain into area cribosa then goes into minor calyx –> major calyx –> ureter –> urinary bladder (stored here)
describe mucosa of urinary bladder
transitional epithelium with facet/dome cells
describe submucosa of urinary bladder
dense irregular CT
describe tunica muscularis of urinary bladder
3 layers of smooth muscle = inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal
describe dome cells of urinary bladder
can distend and look squamous when bladder is full
looks cuboidal/columnar when bladder is empty
