Lab 2: Skin Appendages Flashcards
how were glands derived
via invagination of the epithelial surface
how are glands classified (4)
function of gland - where does secreted substance go
shape of gland
method of secretion
what does gland secrete
describe gland classification by function
exocrine - outside the skin - chemical secretions
endocrine - in the skin - blood in capillaries
describe gland classification by shape
simple duct structure - does not branch
compound duct structure - duct branches
name the 2 types of secretory structure
tubular and alveolar
name and give exs of simple tubular duct secretory structure
simple tubular = intestinal glands
simple branched tubular = stomach gastric glands
name and give exs of compound tubular duct secretory structure
compound tubular - duodenal glands of small intestine
name and give exs of simple alveolar duct secretory structure
simple alveolar - no important ones in humans
simple branched alveolar - sebaceous oil glands
name and give exs of compound alveolar duct secretory structure
compound alveolar - mammary glands
compound tubuloalveolar - salivary glands
describe the 3 types of secretion
merocrine - through secretory vesicles
apocrine - pinched off portion of cell is the secretion
holocrine - mature cell dies and becomes secretory product
describe classifications of types of secretory products
serous glands - watery protein rich fluid
mucous gland - viscous carb rich
sebaceous glands - lipid/oil
describe sweat gland (type of gland, shape of gland secretion method and type of secretory product)
exocrine gland
simple coiled tubular gland
merocrine secretion (aka eccrine sweat glands, found almost all over body)
serous gland
note = also apocrine sweat glands in specific places
*lined by a BM
where is the excretory portion found of sweat gland
duct is found in dermis and hypodermis
less coiled than secretory portion
where is secretory portion found of sweat gland
hypodermis
highly coiled
name the 2 portions of sweat gland
secretory portion
ductal portion
describe ductal portion of sweat gland
cell size is small
two cell layers
darkly stained
small in diameter
not surrounded by myoepithelial cells
describe secretory portion of sweat gland
cell is larger
one cell layer
lightly stained
large in diameter
surrounded by myoepithelial cells
describe hair - gen
elongated
obliquely oriented
keratinized structure
what is hair derived from
invagination of the epithelial called the hair follicle
what is hair lined with
A BASEMENT MEMBRANE
what does hair end with
ends in a bulb with a core of connective tissue called dermal papilla
name some important parts of hair
inner root sheath
contains trichohyalin granules
thickest layer
where is sebaceous gland found
in dermis
at point where internal root sheath ends
what is sebaceous gland line by
A BASEMENT MEMBRANE
name the type of secretion and product secreted from sebaceous gland
holocrine secretion
product called sebum
what does sebaceous gland use
uses the space where the internal root sheath was a duct
describe cells of secretory portion of sweat gland
single layer
pyramidal shaped cells
appear lighter than cells of the duct of the sweat gland
define myoepithelial cells
contractile cells that appear bright pink and lie within BM
what does secretory portion of sweat gland secrete
water solution rich in electrolytes
describe cells of duct of sweat gland (excretory portion)
double layer
cuboidal cells
appear more basophilic than those of the secretory portion of the sweat gland
describe lumen of duct of sweat gland (excretory portion)
smaller lumen than the secretory portion of the sweat gland
what is in dark hair
central medulla area
what happens when arrector pili muscle contracts
sebaceous gland is compressed leading to the release of sebum which acts as an insulator
name important parts of hair
hair shaft
hair follicle
hair bulb
dermal papilla
name the 6 layers of the hair follicle
1 - glassy membrane = thickened BM
2 - external root sheath = thickest later
3 - Henle’s layer = inner root sheath
4 - Huxley’s layer = inner root sheath * contains basophilic tricohyaline granules
5 - cuticle of inner root sheath
6 - cortex (covered by cuticle of the cortex)
what is sebaceous gland lined by (cell type)
basal cells (flattened and basophilic) that migrate toward center of gland where they will swell and their nuclei undergo degeneration (cell is vacuolated at this point)
