Lab 5 (Arthropoda) Flashcards
phyla
arthropoda
arthropoda
largest animal group
- have a jointed foot that is segmented, and used for different things
- has an exoskeleton that molts
- have joined appendages
- compound and simple eyes (can have both)
- open circulatory system
- coelomates
specialized segments
head, thorax and abdomen
- can either have a cephalothorax (head fused to thorax)
- they have a brain with body segmented ganglia connected by a ventral nerve chord
respiratory systems
have gills, book gills (outside), book lungs (internal) and trachae
GI tract regionalization
regionalized into
- foregut: pharynx, esophagus, and crop
- midgut: ceca and midgut
- hindgut: intestine, rectum and anus
GI tract
lined with peritrophic membrane to protect it and localize digestive enzymes
- have nephridia if aquatic or Malpighian tubules if terrestrial
Class Merostomata SUBPHYLA CHELICERATA
horseshoe crabs
- have a carapace covering the dorsal side (underside) of the gills
- have a tail thing that helps them maneuver water currents called a telson
- have a pair of degenerate legs called chilaria
- have book gills
- have pedipalps for prey
class arachnida SUBPHYLA CHELICERATA
scorpions, ticks, mites and spiders
- have four pairs of legs
- spiders have their chelicerae modified into fangs
SUBPHYLA CRUSTACEA
two body regions
- cephalothorax
- abdomen
- box shaped heart that is surrounded by a pericardial sac on dorsal surface
- have a gastric mill and a gland that functions as a liver pancreas
- THEY SWIM BACKWARDS
- barnacles, mantis shrimp, crabs, krill shrimp, crayfish etc.
- have double branched appendages
- compound eyes, two pairs of antennae
analogous
similar functions but different embryologic origins
Homologous
not similar functions from the same body region
SUBPHYLA MYRIAPODA class chilopods
1 pair of legs/ segment
- centipedes are venomous!
SUBPHYLA MYRIAPODA class diplopoda
2 pairs of legs per body segment
SUBPHYLA Hexapoda class insecta
- head with antennae, compound eyes, and simple eyes (ocelli)
- thorax is in three parts (pro, miso, meta- thorax)
- abdomen
SUBPHYLA MYRIAPODA
have complete metamorphosis or can have incomplete where it just grows but looks the same
look at the images
okay
which thing is most deadly to humans?
mosquito
exoskeleton is made of
chitin (if hard, it is infused with calcium carbonate)
SUBPHYLA CHELICERATA
- characterized by cephalothorax (fused head and thorax), and pincers called chelicerae
- have a second pair of appendages called pedipalps for catching prey
anatomy of a crustacean
have first antennae, second antennae, mandibles, maxillae, and maxillipeds
- mandible to cheeped are used for feeding
- swimmerets or pleopods are smaller appendages. - in a male crayfish, each of the first pair of swimmerets has an odd shape, modified to transfer packets of sperm to a female during reproduction. The most posterior pair of appendages are broad, flat uropods.
analogous structures of a spider and crayfish
chelicerae of a spider to the mandibles of a crayfish because similar functions but not same body segment
homologous structures of spider and crayfish
chelicerae and anterior pair of antennae of crayfish.
- have similar development origin but not same function
crayfish anatomy
- have a diamond shaped heart with a thin pericardial sac
- blood enters the heart through ostia
- gonads (testes are white, ovaries are orange)
- stomach is a continuous membrane
- has a digestive gland
- have a ventral nerve chord, brain and ganglia
grasshopper parts
- look at the diagram
spiders vs insects
spiders have two body regions and eight legs, insects have three body regions and six legs
gills attached to legs of crayfish
move water over gills
how many legs are chelate in crayfish
chelate is pincers, three pairs
subphyla uniramia
single branched appendages
chilopods, diplopods and insects
trachae
respiratory system in grasshopper
