Chapter 20 ch 1 Flashcards
evolutionary theory
was created by Charles darwin
used by humans to vaccines
Charles Darwin year: 1831
5 year voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle around the world to study oceans and collect biological info
Natural Selection
slight variations among individuals affect chances for survival and production of offspring
theory of evolutionary change (def)
- Species change over time. Groups of organisms change (what they eat, where they live, the numbers of them with a certain trait etc)
- Species all share common traits, but the size and things may change.
- Process of this change is natural selection
* populations evolve
if they are evolutionarily successful,
can they reproduce? Are they surviving?
Population
a group of individuals of the same species that live and interbreed in a particular geographic area at the same time
Adaptation meaning
The process by which characteristics that are useful evolve
The characteristics themselves – something that has helped an organism adjust to conditions in an environment
*organism has adapted when scientists can demonstrate that some organisms survived the event better than others
Charles Darwin year 1866
Mendel publishes his paper of pea genetics (dominant and recessive traits)
Charles Darwin year 1900-1918
Basic principles of inheritance genetics established
Charles Darwin year 1947-1960
Emphasis on chromosomal evolution, models of speciation, geographic variation, population genetics
Charles Darwin year 1970(?)
Intro of molecular variation, phylogenetic analysis, sexual selection, behavior
Charles Darwin year 1980-present
Exponential increase in studies of molecular evolution and developmental processes of evolution
Sexual selection
introduced by Darwin, is that there are specific traits that organisms use to choose traits like Nice feathers, etc.
Heritable genetic variation:
potential for change because there is some variation from your parents that you received
ie. phenotype
phenotype
the physical expression of an organisms genes (characteristics like eye color, hair color)
trait
Specific forms of a characteristic (brown eyes)
Heritable trait
form of a characteristic at least partly determined by genes
genotype
genetic makeup of an organism. This is like Aa,
There must be differences in the genotypes as certain genotypes are more present than others therefore adaptations
population genetics’ three main goals
Explain origin and maintenance of a genetic variation
Explain the patterns and organization of genetic variation
Understand the mechanisms that cause changes in allele frequencies in populations
alleles
different forms of a specific gene
Gene pool
sum of all copies of all alleles at all loci in a population
two tenants of evolution
Survival and reproduction
Allele frequency
the proportion of a given allele or genotype in a gene pool at a particular locus