Bio Lab 6 (Chordata)

Question 1

phyla

Answer 1

Echinodermata and Chordata

Question 2

symmetry

Answer 2

echinodermata: as larvae, they are bilateral. ONLY ADULTS radially symmetrical

chardata have bilateral symmetry

Question 3

germ layers

Answer 3

both are triploblastic

Question 4

organs of echinodermata?

Answer 4

have ossicles (plates) embedded in their skin. have a water vascular system with tube feet

• have 5 repetitive parts (pentaradial) but larvae are bilaterally symmetrical
• 5 classes depend on arrangement of ossicles

Question 5

coelom?

Answer 5

both are coelomates

Question 6

mouth and anus?

Answer 6

both have mouth and anus

Question 7

are they protostomes or deuterostomes?

Answer 7

deuterostomes

Question 8

deuterostomes

Answer 8

Radial cleavage- aligned division
Indeterminate- individual cells can form whole embryo (identical twins)
Blastopore associated with anus

Question 9

echinodermata

Answer 9

sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sand cucumbers

• have ossicles
• have a unique vascular system that end in tube feet

Question 10

chordata

Answer 10

mammals, fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians

Question 11

class asteroidea

Answer 11

sea stars

• have a mouth on the oral surface an anus on the top (aboral surface)
• have dermal gills on aboral surface and pincers that help get things off of it that grow
• have a madreporite for water vascular system that connects to the water on the aboral surface
• have ambulacral grooves
• have pedicellariae to remove debris from the surface

Question 12

class ophiuroidea

Answer 12

brittle stars

• arms detach easily
• grooves are closed and reduced feet are not used to move, the arms are

Question 13

class crinoidea

Answer 13

sea Lillies and feather stars
(stalked sea stars)
- use their branched arms in filter feeding
- their oral surface faces up and are usually more sessile

Question 14

class echinoidea

Answer 14

sea urchin and sea dollars

• ossicles are fused into a solid shell test
• have five teeth called Aristotle’s lantern that allow it to eat
• have barbed spines that can be toxic

Question 15

class holothuroidea

Answer 15

sea cucumbers

• have modified tube feet called tentacles
• radial symmetry is less evident
• can rupture in defence

Question 16

chordata organ

Answer 16

• have a dorsal hollow nerve chord
• have a notochord
• have pharyngeal gill slits
• post anal tail

Question 17

subphyla cephalochordata

Answer 17

lancets

• has a buccal cavity and gill arches that water must wash over
• water enters through the atrium and leaves through the atriopore
• pretty cephalized

Question 18

Agnatha, in subphyla cephalochordata

Answer 18

lampreys and hagfish

• ammocoete is the larvae
• mouth is at the centre of the buccal funnel
• parasitic
• jawless and limbless
• larvae is an ammocoete

Question 19

subphyla vertebrata

Answer 19

Agnatha, chondrichthes, osteichtyes, amphibia etc.

Question 20

Chondrichthyes in vertebrata

Answer 20

sharks, skates and rays

- endoskeleton is made of cartilage and the gill arches are modified into jaws

Question 21

class Osteichthyes in vertebrata

Answer 21

bony fish

• very diverse
• gills are protected by an operculum

Question 22

class amphibia in vertebrata

Answer 22

frogs, toads and salamanders, caecilians

• go through metamorphosis
• lay eggs in water but can still be out of water

Question 23

class reptilia in vertebrata

Answer 23

crocodiles, alligators, turtles, snakes and lizards

• very hard skin, protected by scales
• have watertight eggs with 4 parts

Question 24

class aves in vertebrata

Answer 24

birds

• maintain a body temp
• type of reptile!
• hollow bones
• came from Dinos!
• have a lightweight skeleton etc. to fly

Question 25

class mammalia in vertebrata

Answer 25

US

- have hair and mammary glands to make milk

Question 26

protostomes

Answer 26

piral cleavage-divide at an angle
Determinate- individual cells cannot develop into a whole embryo
Blastopore associated with mouth

Question 27

how do sea stars move

Answer 27

madrepoirite to stone canal. goes to the ring canal to the radial canal then goes to the ampullae (pumps) then finally down to the tube feet

Question 28

SUBPHYLA urochordata chordata

Answer 28

tunicate and sea squirts. kinda weird. work like clams with siphons