Bio Lab 6 (Chordata) Flashcards
phyla
Echinodermata and Chordata
symmetry
echinodermata: as larvae, they are bilateral. ONLY ADULTS radially symmetrical
chardata have bilateral symmetry
germ layers
both are triploblastic
organs of echinodermata?
have ossicles (plates) embedded in their skin. have a water vascular system with tube feet
- have 5 repetitive parts (pentaradial) but larvae are bilaterally symmetrical
- 5 classes depend on arrangement of ossicles
coelom?
both are coelomates
mouth and anus?
both have mouth and anus
are they protostomes or deuterostomes?
deuterostomes
deuterostomes
Radial cleavage- aligned division
Indeterminate- individual cells can form whole embryo (identical twins)
Blastopore associated with anus
echinodermata
sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars and sand cucumbers
- have ossicles
- have a unique vascular system that end in tube feet
chordata
mammals, fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians
class asteroidea
sea stars
- have a mouth on the oral surface an anus on the top (aboral surface)
- have dermal gills on aboral surface and pincers that help get things off of it that grow
- have a madreporite for water vascular system that connects to the water on the aboral surface
- have ambulacral grooves
- have pedicellariae to remove debris from the surface
class ophiuroidea
brittle stars
- arms detach easily
- grooves are closed and reduced feet are not used to move, the arms are
class crinoidea
sea Lillies and feather stars
(stalked sea stars)
- use their branched arms in filter feeding
- their oral surface faces up and are usually more sessile
class echinoidea
sea urchin and sea dollars
- ossicles are fused into a solid shell test
- have five teeth called Aristotle’s lantern that allow it to eat
- have barbed spines that can be toxic
class holothuroidea
sea cucumbers
- have modified tube feet called tentacles
- radial symmetry is less evident
- can rupture in defence
chordata organ
- have a dorsal hollow nerve chord
- have a notochord
- have pharyngeal gill slits
- post anal tail
subphyla cephalochordata
lancets
- has a buccal cavity and gill arches that water must wash over
- water enters through the atrium and leaves through the atriopore
- pretty cephalized
Agnatha, in subphyla cephalochordata
lampreys and hagfish
- ammocoete is the larvae
- mouth is at the centre of the buccal funnel
- parasitic
- jawless and limbless
- larvae is an ammocoete
subphyla vertebrata
Agnatha, chondrichthes, osteichtyes, amphibia etc.
Chondrichthyes in vertebrata
sharks, skates and rays
- endoskeleton is made of cartilage and the gill arches are modified into jaws
class Osteichthyes in vertebrata
bony fish
- very diverse
- gills are protected by an operculum
class amphibia in vertebrata
frogs, toads and salamanders, caecilians
- go through metamorphosis
- lay eggs in water but can still be out of water
class reptilia in vertebrata
crocodiles, alligators, turtles, snakes and lizards
- very hard skin, protected by scales
- have watertight eggs with 4 parts
class aves in vertebrata
birds
- maintain a body temp
- type of reptile!
- hollow bones
- came from Dinos!
- have a lightweight skeleton etc. to fly
class mammalia in vertebrata
US
- have hair and mammary glands to make milk
protostomes
piral cleavage-divide at an angle
Determinate- individual cells cannot develop into a whole embryo
Blastopore associated with mouth
how do sea stars move
madrepoirite to stone canal. goes to the ring canal to the radial canal then goes to the ampullae (pumps) then finally down to the tube feet
SUBPHYLA urochordata chordata
tunicate and sea squirts. kinda weird. work like clams with siphons
