Bio Lab 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

phylum platyhelminthes

A

flatworms

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2
Q

phylum nematoda

A

round worms

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3
Q

Platyhelminthes and nematoda

A
  • both are freshwater
  • have a cellular mesoderm with an ectoderm and endoderm
  • bilaterally symmetrical
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4
Q

acoelomate

A

mesoderm is a solid mass of tissue with no cavity and no cavity for internal organs

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5
Q

pseudocoelomates

A

have a body cavity called a pseudocoelom with a fluid space and a digestive tract

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6
Q

flatworms are

A

acoelomate

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7
Q

nematodes are

A

pseudocoelomates

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8
Q

coelomate

A

have major organs suspended in a coelomic cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm

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9
Q

triploblastic

A

have three embryological germ layers

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10
Q

flatworms and roundworms have germ layers…

A

triploblastic

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11
Q

flatworms and roundworms have ___ symmetry

A

bilateral symmetry with a distinct anterior and posterior end

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12
Q

draw the body plants for flatworms and roundworms

A

there is a diagram

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13
Q

Platyhelminthes

A
  • have a gastrovascular cavity that is both mouth and anus (one opening)
  • ladder like 2 spinal chords advanced nervous system
  • are flat
  • free living ones have ocelli called eyespots
  • monoecious??
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14
Q

class turbellaria

A

are hemaphroditic (have both fem and male organs) and are scavengers
- have eyespots that can sense light
- have a ciliated ventral surface
- mouth and anus are at the end of pharynx with intestinal diverticuli
(Platyhelminthes)

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15
Q

species planaria (dugesia)

A
  • free living

has sensory organs called eyespots and feed by sucking through a tubular pharynx that protrudes

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16
Q

class trematoda

A
  • parasites (both end and ecto)
  • called flukes
  • lack an epidermis but have a epicuticle made of protein and lipids to stop digestion
  • ventral surface has an oral sucker
  • often require intermediate hosts to distribute
    Platyhelminthes
17
Q

species opisthorchis

A

from Trematoda

  • found in fish and snails
  • more clear inside
18
Q

species fasciola

A

sucks blood (liver fluke)
- from trematoda
- uterus is near mouth, has a weird line through the middle
NOT LEECHES

19
Q

species shistosoma

A
FROM TREMATODA
(blood fluke)
causes disease schistosomiasis
- inhabits veins
- is hermaphrodic THE FEMALE FITS INSIDE THE CAVITY TO LAY THE EGGs
20
Q

intermediate host

A

harbours immature stages of parasite

21
Q

definitive host

A

harbours mature parasite

22
Q

class cestoda

A

Platyhelminthes

  • anterior end called scolex, then neck then proglottids
  • don’t have a gastrovascular cavity as nutrients come from host
  • endoparasite
  • mature packets called proglottids will detach and make larvae
23
Q

NEMATODA

A
  • very diverse
    are slender with pseudocoelom and complete digestive tract
  • use hydrostatic pressure to move
  • complete GI tract with a mouth an anus
  • can be free living and parasitic
  • cause disease in humans like elephantiasis
  • don’t require multiple hosts to survive
24
Q

species ascaris

A

nematoda

  • have a hooked posterior end (anus)
  • males are smaller
  • to survive, they must pass through GI tract and have thick cuticle
25
Q

how did these organisms evolve?

A

Syncytial Theory AND Colonial Theory:

26
Q

Colonial Theory:

A

Evolved from flagellated protists; daughter cells failed to separate and were held together by an extracellular matrix. Evidenced by an extant colonial form of choanoflagellata (collared flagellates).

27
Q

SYNCYTIAL theory

A

Evolved from a multinucleated, unicellular slim mold or ciliated protist; evidenced by insect embryology.

28
Q

how evolved are they compared to others?

A

have three germ layers which is more evolved than cnidaria and porifera
- first group that has organs

29
Q

SA to Volume ratio

A

as you get bigger, SA ratio gets smaller

  • they are long and slender or thin and flat
  • must have a metabolism
30
Q

Platyhelminthes that are free living have eyespots called

A

ocelli

31
Q

increased body size means

A

more surface area

- must be thing and plat. long and slender

32
Q

diverticuli

A

inside the tubellaria, there are blind-ended branches in the gastrovascular cavity,

33
Q

trichinella

A

causes trichinosis (Nematoda)

females of Trichinella live in the intestine of their host and release lar- vae. These larvae migrate through the body to striated muscles, The larvae remain encysted until the muscle tissue is eaten by another host, where the larvae mature. Humans infect themselves by eating pork

34
Q

planaria movement

A

away from light due to eyespots

35
Q

mature proglottid

A

contains ovaries and testes

36
Q

gravid proglottid

A

contains eggs

37
Q

do mature or gravid proglottids occur closest to the scolex?

A

mature

38
Q

how do proglottis go in size as they near the end?

A

posterior end is larger

39
Q

nematode movement

A

only have longitudinal muscles (no circular or diagonal ones) so it moves by flipping and end.