Lab 5

Question 1

Aqueous humor

Answer 1

Liquid in eye that provides nutrients to cornea and lens

Question 2

Lens

Answer 2

Behind the cornea and pupil, retracts and focuses light

Question 3

Suspensatory ligament

Answer 3

Holds lens, adjusts lens shape with ciliary body

Question 4

Vitreous humor

Answer 4

Jelly like substance that maintains pressure on retina

Question 5

Pupil

Answer 5

Adjusts light amount that reaches retina

Question 6

Sclera

Answer 6

Site of muscle attachment, protects and anchors eye

Question 7

Cornea

Answer 7

Refracts light

Question 8

Choroid

Answer 8

Provides nutrients to retina

Question 9

Ciliary body

Answer 9

Smooth muscle that adjusts shape of lens to bend light to fovea

Question 10

Iris

Answer 10

Traps excess light, muscles that change size of the pupil

Question 11

Ora serrata

Answer 11

Site where ciliary body meets choroid

Question 12

Retina

Answer 12

Houses photoreceptors, responsive to light, phototransduction

Question 13

Optic disc

Answer 13

Site if axons leaving eye, vessels entering, blind spot

Question 14

Macula lutea

Answer 14

Site of many cones, contains fovea centralis

Question 15

Fovea centralis

Answer 15

Focal point, highest density of cones (no rods), where bright light is focused to for sharpest resolution

Question 16

Photoreceptors

Answer 16

Cones and rods in retina, responsive to light energy, relay signal to bipolar cells

Question 17

Bipolar cells

Answer 17

Neuron in chain between photoreceptor and ganglion cell

Question 18

Ganglion cells

Answer 18

Part of retina, Neurons that receive information from bipolar cells, axons make up optic nerve, carry signals to brain

Question 19

Blind spot

Answer 19

Optic disc, where the optic nerve exits the eye, contains no photoreceptors so light hitting this area is not seen

Question 20

Visual acuity

Answer 20

Ability to distinguish separate images in the visual field

Question 21

Astigmatism

Answer 21

A defect in an eye or lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature which results in distorted images, light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus

Question 22

Myopia

Answer 22

Nearsightedness, near objects are clearly seen but not far

Question 23

Hyperopia

Answer 23

Farsightedness

Question 24

Afterimages

Answer 24

Persistent signaling in the visual system despite removal of the stimulus, caused by ongoing bleaching of photopigments

Question 25

Bleaching

Answer 25

Photopigment degeneration caused by light stimuli, triggers signaling in the visual pathway

Question 26

Color blindness

Answer 26

Reduced ability to distinguish between different colors, inability to produce certain cone pigments or have functional cones due to genetic variation

Question 27

Accommodation

Answer 27

Changes in lens shape and pupil diameter to adjust for focusing light to appropriate areas on the retina for seeing clearly

Question 28

Convergence

Answer 28

Medial rotation of eyes for close up objects

Question 29

Depth perception

Answer 29

Ability to determine relative distance of objects in visual field

Question 30

Visual field

Answer 30

Area that can be seen with eyes and head in fixed position

Question 31

Optic chaism

Answer 31

Optic nerves merge, some fibers cross over

Question 32

Optic tract

Answer 32

Axons from optic chiasma to thalamus

Question 33

Optic radiation

Answer 33

Axons from thalamus to occipital lobe

Question 34

Visual field defect

Answer 34

Inability to see certain areas of visual field

Question 35

Lens shape

Answer 35

Distant objects: flattening of lens and pupil dilation
Close objects: pupil constriction and horizontal bulging of lens