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BI 342 > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Axon hillock

A

Part of the neuron where the cell body connects to the axon

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2
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

Contain neurotransmitters in terminal end of the neuron

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3
Q

Nissl bodies

A

Rough ER of neurons

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4
Q

Dendrites

A

Receptive regions

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5
Q

Myelin

A

Fat covering axons that speeds conduction

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6
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Space of exposed membrane between myelin

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7
Q

Internodes

A

Region of neuron covered in myelin between the nodes

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8
Q

Bipolar neuron

A

Small, rare neuron found in retina, eye, ear

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9
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

Common in the PNS, makes up most of the sensory neurons in the PNS, long axon with cell body centrally located and off to the side

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10
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

Common in both PNS and CNS, most motor neurons of the PNS, long single axon with cell body and dendrites at one end, axon terminal at the other

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11
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Cells of the CNS that make cerebrospinal fluid

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12
Q

Astrocytes

A

Cells of the CNS that regulate the intersticial fluid composition and induce the brain blood barrier, structural support, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters

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13
Q

Microglia

A

Cells of the CNS that attack pathogens and infected cells, remove waste and pathogens

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14
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Cells in the CNS that myelinate neurons, stabilize axons

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15
Q

NG-2

A

Cells of the CNS that contribute to myelination or neural homeostasis in adults, can become oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

Satellite cells

A

Cells of the PNS that regulate interstitial fluid composition

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17
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Cells of the PNS that myelinate neurons, help regenerate damaged axons

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18
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

In brain ventricles, subarachnoid space, central canal of spinal cord;
Derived from blood by work of ependymal cells;
Provides nutrients, removes waste, cushions CNS

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19
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Selectively permeable barrier induced by Astrocytes in CNS that regulates molecular transport between blood and the CNS

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20
Q

Afferent

A

Information towards CNS, sensory

21
Q

Efferent

A

Information away from CNS, motor

22
Q

Autonomic motor neurons

A

Neurons that carry information to smooth and cardiac muscle

23
Q

Visceral sensory neurons

A

Neurons that carry information from hollow organs to CNS

24
Q

Enteric

A

Of the GI tract

25
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest branch of the autonomic motor nervous system

26
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight branch of the autonomic motor nervous system

27
Q

Dual innervation

A

Where parasympathetic nerves are there are also sympathetic

28
Q

Endoderm

A

Gives rise to inner epithelia and glands of GI and respiratory tract

29
Q

Ectoderm

A

Gives rise to skin, nervous system

30
Q

Mesoderm

A

Gives rise to bone, CT, muscle

31
Q

Neurulation

A

The process of forming the nervous system from the ectoderm

32
Q

Neural plate

A

Region of the dorsal ectoderm that becomes the neural tube when induced by notochord signals

33
Q

Neural groove

A

Folded neural plate that folds further to become neural tube

34
Q

Neural fold

A

Ridge of tissue in embryo at the edge of folding neural groove

35
Q

Neural tube

A

In the embryo, the longitudinal tube of the dorsal ectoderm that forms the CNS, after neural folds close

36
Q

Neural crest cells

A

Break away from the neural plate to form the PNS

37
Q

Notochord

A

Longitudinal rod of cells in the embryo derived from the mesoderm, puts out signals that trigger and coordinate neurulation

38
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons in the PNS

39
Q

White matter

A

Bundles of axons in the CNS

40
Q

Gray matter

A

Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS

41
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

42
Q

Cortex

A

Outer region of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellum

43
Q

Subcortical gray matter

A

Regions of gray matter in cerebrum inside of the cerebrum

44
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

Rapid conduction down a myelinated axon

45
Q

Excitatory

A

Causes depolarization

46
Q

Inhibitory

A

Causes hyperpolarization

47
Q

Spatial summation

A

Multiple simultaneous graded potentials at different locations on the neuron

48
Q

Temporal summation

A

Multiple repeated graded potentials at the same location

BI 342 (11 decks)

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