Lab 1 Flashcards
Axon hillock
Part of the neuron where the cell body connects to the axon
Synaptic vesicles
Contain neurotransmitters in terminal end of the neuron
Nissl bodies
Rough ER of neurons
Dendrites
Receptive regions
Myelin
Fat covering axons that speeds conduction
Nodes of Ranvier
Space of exposed membrane between myelin
Internodes
Region of neuron covered in myelin between the nodes
Bipolar neuron
Small, rare neuron found in retina, eye, ear
Unipolar neuron
Common in the PNS, makes up most of the sensory neurons in the PNS, long axon with cell body centrally located and off to the side
Multipolar neuron
Common in both PNS and CNS, most motor neurons of the PNS, long single axon with cell body and dendrites at one end, axon terminal at the other
Ependymal cells
Cells of the CNS that make cerebrospinal fluid
Astrocytes
Cells of the CNS that regulate the intersticial fluid composition and induce the brain blood barrier, structural support, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters
Microglia
Cells of the CNS that attack pathogens and infected cells, remove waste and pathogens
Oligodendrocytes
Cells in the CNS that myelinate neurons, stabilize axons
NG-2
Cells of the CNS that contribute to myelination or neural homeostasis in adults, can become oligodendrocytes
Satellite cells
Cells of the PNS that regulate interstitial fluid composition
Schwann Cells
Cells of the PNS that myelinate neurons, help regenerate damaged axons
Cerebrospinal Fluid
In brain ventricles, subarachnoid space, central canal of spinal cord;
Derived from blood by work of ependymal cells;
Provides nutrients, removes waste, cushions CNS
Blood-brain barrier
Selectively permeable barrier induced by Astrocytes in CNS that regulates molecular transport between blood and the CNS
Afferent
Information towards CNS, sensory
Efferent
Information away from CNS, motor
Autonomic motor neurons
Neurons that carry information to smooth and cardiac muscle
Visceral sensory neurons
Neurons that carry information from hollow organs to CNS
Enteric
Of the GI tract
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest branch of the autonomic motor nervous system
Sympathetic
Fight or flight branch of the autonomic motor nervous system
Dual innervation
Where parasympathetic nerves are there are also sympathetic
Endoderm
Gives rise to inner epithelia and glands of GI and respiratory tract
Ectoderm
Gives rise to skin, nervous system
Mesoderm
Gives rise to bone, CT, muscle
Neurulation
The process of forming the nervous system from the ectoderm
Neural plate
Region of the dorsal ectoderm that becomes the neural tube when induced by notochord signals
Neural groove
Folded neural plate that folds further to become neural tube
Neural fold
Ridge of tissue in embryo at the edge of folding neural groove
Neural tube
In the embryo, the longitudinal tube of the dorsal ectoderm that forms the CNS, after neural folds close
Neural crest cells
Break away from the neural plate to form the PNS
Notochord
Longitudinal rod of cells in the embryo derived from the mesoderm, puts out signals that trigger and coordinate neurulation
Nerve
Bundle of axons in the PNS
White matter
Bundles of axons in the CNS
Gray matter
Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS
Ganglia
Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
Cortex
Outer region of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellum
Subcortical gray matter
Regions of gray matter in cerebrum inside of the cerebrum
Saltatory Conduction
Rapid conduction down a myelinated axon
Excitatory
Causes depolarization
Inhibitory
Causes hyperpolarization
Spatial summation
Multiple simultaneous graded potentials at different locations on the neuron
Temporal summation
Multiple repeated graded potentials at the same location
