Lab 4

Question 1

Integration

Answer 1

Synapsing between neurons, usually in CNS

Question 2

Integration center

Answer 2

The site or communication between sensory and motor neurons

Question 3

Spinal reflex

Answer 3

Involves spinal nerves, integrates in spinal gray matter

Question 4

Cranial reflex

Answer 4

Integrates in the brain stem, involves cranial nerves

Question 5

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 5

Respond to physical deformation (shape change of receptor)

Question 6

Proprioceptor

Answer 6

Sensory receptor that detects position of muscle, joint, or body

Question 7

Effector

Answer 7

Part of the body that responds to the motor signal (muscle, gland)

Question 8

Stretch reflex

Answer 8

Innate monosynaptic reflex arc in which changes in muscle length (stretch) initiate skeletal muscle contraction in the muscle that was stretched (ipsilateral)

Question 9

Tendon reflex

Answer 9

Tendon stretch causes muscles pulling the tendon to relax (polysynaptic,ipsilateral)

Question 10

Flexor/withdrawal reflex

Answer 10

Nociceptor activation triggers ipsilateral muscle activation to withdraw from painful stimulus (polysynaptic, ipsilateral)

Question 11

Crossed extensor reflex

Answer 11

In association with withdrawal, activation of contra lateral limb muscles to maintain balance

Question 12

Golgi tendon organ

Answer 12

Located in tendon, the specific sensory receptors that provide information about muscle length or rate of length change, includes a mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor, involved in stretch reflex

Question 13

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 13

Inhibition of antagonist muscle when the primary response activates a muscle, two opposing muscles work together to facilitate a movement

Question 14

Outer ear

Answer 14

Auricle, EAM, and eardrum

Question 15

Middle ear

Answer 15

Ossicles and pharyngotimpanic/auditory tube

Question 16

Inner ear

Answer 16

Cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule, vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 17

Auditory ossicles

Answer 17

Malleus, incus, stapes, work with eardrum to amplify and transmit sound

Question 18

Auricle

Answer 18

Ear outside the head

Question 19

Tympanic membrane

Answer 19

Eardrum

Question 20

Cochlea

Answer 20

Sound transduction

Question 21

Cochlear duct

Answer 21

Cavity of cochlea filled with endolymph

Question 22

Organ of Corti

Answer 22

Sense organ for sound in cochlea, produces nerve impulses in response to vibration

Question 23

Pharyngotympanic tube

Answer 23

Connects middle ear to oral cavity, equalizes inner ear pressure

Question 24

Maculae

Answer 24

Contains hair cells that detect movement in vestibule (linear)

Question 25

Cristae

Answer 25

In semicircular canals, Activated with movement/rotation, convey information via CN8

Question 26

Vestibule

Answer 26

Area between tympanic cavity and cochlea, contains maculae, senses linear movement, static equilibrium

Question 27

Endolymph

Answer 27

Fluid in inner ear, movement activates ear receptors

Question 28

Semicircular canals

Answer 28

Fluid filled tubes that detect rotation, dynamic equilibrium, contains cristae

Question 29

Nystagmus

Answer 29

After rotation, endolymph is still moving, causes eyes to keep moving in direction of spin then quickly reset

Question 30

Conduction velocity

Answer 30

Pathway length/(time-synapse time(about 0.5ms per synapse))