Lab 4 Flashcards
Integration
Synapsing between neurons, usually in CNS
Integration center
The site or communication between sensory and motor neurons
Spinal reflex
Involves spinal nerves, integrates in spinal gray matter
Cranial reflex
Integrates in the brain stem, involves cranial nerves
Mechanoreceptors
Respond to physical deformation (shape change of receptor)
Proprioceptor
Sensory receptor that detects position of muscle, joint, or body
Effector
Part of the body that responds to the motor signal (muscle, gland)
Stretch reflex
Innate monosynaptic reflex arc in which changes in muscle length (stretch) initiate skeletal muscle contraction in the muscle that was stretched (ipsilateral)
Tendon reflex
Tendon stretch causes muscles pulling the tendon to relax (polysynaptic,ipsilateral)
Flexor/withdrawal reflex
Nociceptor activation triggers ipsilateral muscle activation to withdraw from painful stimulus (polysynaptic, ipsilateral)
Crossed extensor reflex
In association with withdrawal, activation of contra lateral limb muscles to maintain balance
Golgi tendon organ
Located in tendon, the specific sensory receptors that provide information about muscle length or rate of length change, includes a mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor, involved in stretch reflex
Reciprocal inhibition
Inhibition of antagonist muscle when the primary response activates a muscle, two opposing muscles work together to facilitate a movement
Outer ear
Auricle, EAM, and eardrum
Middle ear
Ossicles and pharyngotimpanic/auditory tube
Inner ear
Cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule, vestibulocochlear nerve
Auditory ossicles
Malleus, incus, stapes, work with eardrum to amplify and transmit sound
Auricle
Ear outside the head
Tympanic membrane
Eardrum
Cochlea
Sound transduction
Cochlear duct
Cavity of cochlea filled with endolymph
Organ of Corti
Sense organ for sound in cochlea, produces nerve impulses in response to vibration
Pharyngotympanic tube
Connects middle ear to oral cavity, equalizes inner ear pressure
Maculae
Contains hair cells that detect movement in vestibule (linear)
Cristae
In semicircular canals, Activated with movement/rotation, convey information via CN8
Vestibule
Area between tympanic cavity and cochlea, contains maculae, senses linear movement, static equilibrium
Endolymph
Fluid in inner ear, movement activates ear receptors
Semicircular canals
Fluid filled tubes that detect rotation, dynamic equilibrium, contains cristae
Nystagmus
After rotation, endolymph is still moving, causes eyes to keep moving in direction of spin then quickly reset
Conduction velocity
Pathway length/(time-synapse time(about 0.5ms per synapse))
