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Neurosci 102 Summer ‘24 > Lab 2 > Flashcards

Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the entire blood supply of the brain depend on?

A

two sets of branches from the dorsal aorta

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2
Q

where do the vertebral arteries arise from?

A

the subclavian arteries that supply approximately 20% of the blood supply to the brain

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3
Q

where do the internal carotid arteries arise from?

A

the common carotid artery

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4
Q

how much of the brain’s blood supply do the internal carotid arteries provide?

A

80%

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5
Q

what are the two major systems that bring blood to the brain?

A

common carotid and vertebral arteries

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6
Q

what part of the brain does the common carotid artery supply?

A

anterior

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7
Q

what side of the brain do the vertebral arteries supply?

A

posterior

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8
Q

what does the common carotid divide into?

A
  • external carotid
  • internal carotid
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9
Q

external carotid function

A

supplying the face and scalp with blood

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10
Q

what does the internal carotid divide into

A
  • middle cerebral artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • anterior choroidal artery
  • posterior communicating artery
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11
Q

middle cerebral artery function and abv.

A
  • supplies the lateral portion of the frontal lobes, occipital lobes, temporal lobes, and parietal lobes as well as medial structures like the insula and globus pallidus
  • MCA
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12
Q

anterior cerebral artery function and abv.

A
  • provides blood to the medial part of the frontal lobe and anterior parietal lobes
  • connected by the anterior communicating artery
  • ACA
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13
Q

anterior choroidal artery function and abv.

A
  • supplies blood to portions of the basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus, optic tract, and portions of the thalamus and the internal capsule
  • AchA
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14
Q

posterior communicating artery function and abv.

A

feeds cerebrum, PcomA

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15
Q

what do the vertebral arteries divide into?

A
  • posterior cerebral artery
  • basilar artery
  • superior cerebellar
  • pontline arteries
  • anterior inferior cerebelar artery
  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery
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16
Q

posterior cerebral artery function and abv.

A
  • provides blood to medial-ventral portions of the temporal lobe, medial occipital lobe, the limbic lobe, and medial structures like the midbrain, thalamus, hippocampus, and corpus callosum
  • PCA
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17
Q

basilar artery function

A

feeds ventral midbrain and pons

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18
Q

superior cerebellar function and abv.

A
  • branches from the basilar artery
  • supplies the superior portion of the cerebellum and dorsal midbrain
  • SCA
19
Q

pontine arteries function

A

feeds brainstem

20
Q

anterior inferior cerebellar artery function and abv.

A
  • arises from the middle of the basilar artery
  • supplies the anterior inferior portion of the cerebellum and a dorsal portion of the pons
  • AICA
21
Q

posterior inferior cerebellar artery function and abv.

A
  • supplies the posterior inferior portion of the cerebellum and a dorsal portion of the medulla
  • PICA
22
Q

what is cerebral circulation normally divided into?

A

anterior cerebral circulation and posterior cerebral circulation

23
Q

how are the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations interconnected?

A

posterior communication arteries from both sides of the brain

24
Q

benefits of Circle of Willis?

A
  • provides interconnected backup circulation to the brain
  • in case one of the supply arteries is occluded, it provides interconnections between the anterior and the posterior cerebral circulation to provide blood to tissues that would otherwise become ischemic/dead
25
Q

what five arteries is the Circle of Willis composed of?

A
  • anterior cerebral arteries
  • anterior communicating artery
  • internal carotid arteries
  • posterior cerebral arteries
  • posterior communicating arteries
26
Q

the blood brain barrier function

A

a special cellular barrier that protects the brain and spinal cord from harmful substances from m entering the CNS via the vasculature
- normal blood vessels elsewhere in the body don’t have this level of protection
- allow the passage of water, some gases, and lipid-soluble molecules by passive diffusion through tight junctions, as well as the selective transport of molecules such as oxygen, glucose, and amino acids that are crucial to neural function

27
Q

what kind of cells is the blood brain barrier made of?

A
  • endothelial cells
  • astrocyte end-feet
  • pericytes
28
Q

endothelial cell function in the BBB

A

form the capillary wall

29
Q

astrocyte end-feet function

A

ensheath the capillary

30
Q

downside to BBB

A

excludes ~100% of large-molecule therapeutic drugs and >98% of small-molecule drugs

31
Q

three main functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A
  1. protection
  2. buoyancy
  3. chemical stability
32
Q

how does CSF protect the brain?

A

it acts as a cushion for the brain, limiting neural damage in cranial injuries

33
Q

how does CSF provide buoyancy?

A

by being immersed in CSF, the net weight of the brain is reduced to ~25 grams, which prevents excessive pressure on the base of the brain

34
Q

how does CSF provide chemical stability?

A

creates an environment to allow for proper functioning of the brain, e.g.. maintaining low extracellular K+ for synaptic transmission

35
Q

what is the path CSF takes to flow through the brain

A

lateral ventricle —> (Foramen of Monro) —> 3rd ventricle —> cerebral aqueduct —> 4th ventricle —> Foramen of Luschka (lateral aperture), spinal cord central canal, foramen of Magendie (medial aperture) —> cistern magna

36
Q

nine parts of the ventricular system

A
  1. anterior horn of lateral ventricles
  2. posterior horn of lateral ventricles
  3. inferior horn of lateral ventricles
  4. Foramen of Monro
  5. cerebral aqueduct
  6. 3rd ventricle
  7. 4th ventricle
  8. foramen of magendie
  9. foramen of luchka
37
Q

falx cerebri function

A

divides the two cerebral hemispheres

38
Q

tentorium cerebelli function

A

separates the cerebrum from the cerebelli

39
Q

diaphragma sellae function

A

surrounds the infundibular stalk

40
Q

tentorial notch

A

where the brainstem sits

41
Q

falx cerebelli function

A

divides the two cerebellar hemispheres (smaller, underneath the tentorium cerebelli)

42
Q

what are the dural sinuses?

A

large venous vessels that take the blood back to the heart

43
Q

path that blood takes through the sinuses

A

inferior sagittal sinus —> straight superior occipital —> confluence of the sinuses —> transverse sinus —> sigmoidal sinus —> jugular veins

44
Q

confluence of sinuses

A

the midline connnecting point for the superior, straight, and occipital sinuses which then come together at the confluence and drain into the transverse sinuses and then down into the internal jugular veins for return to and recycling in the cardiopulmonary system

Neurosci 102 Summer ‘24 (13 decks)

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