Lab 1- Disinfecting And Cleaning

Question 1

Difference between disinfection and sterilization

Answer 1

Disinfection- destruction of vegetative forms, but not the spores, on an object
Sterilization- destruction of all organisms and spores on an object

Question 2

Similarities between disinfection and sterilization

Answer 2

Both used on inanimate objects, not animals

Question 3

Took used for sterilization

Answer 3

Autoclave (uses heat and steam)

Question 4

Disinfectants vs antiseptics

Answer 4

Disinfectants- agents applied to inanimate objects to destroy vegetative forms of bacteria (not spores. That would be sterilization) and inactivate viruses
Antiseptics- agents capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents. Can be used on animals

Question 5

Chemical disinfectants are called ___

What are the two most common in vet med

Answer 5

Aldehydes.

Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde

Question 6

Formaldehyde is used for

It is a

Answer 6

Preservation of tissue specimens.

Carcinogenic (can cause cancer, handle w gloves)

Question 7

Glutaraldehyde is used for

Answer 7

Cold sterilization esp for endoscopes, foot soaks for cattle (not tissue, still technically a disinfectant)

Question 8

What percentage alcohol would be used as a disinfectant

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

Characteristics of alcohol as a disinfectant

Answer 9

70%
Bactericidal
Ineffective against spores and fungi
Evaporated rapidly
Inhibited by organic debris (vomit,etc.)
May be used in cold “sterilization trays” or wiping down thermometers and surfaces

Question 10

Quaternary ammonium (quat) compounds are (disinfectants, antiseptics, sterilizers)

Answer 10

Disinfectants

Question 11

Quaternary ammonium compound characteristics

Answer 11

Effective against bacteria
Not effective against spores and many viruses
Direct expose toxic to cats!
Effective against parvovirus at proper concentration

Question 12

Example of a quat compound

Answer 12

Kennel sol

Question 13

Chlorhexidine can be used as a disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 13

Both

Question 14

Two forms of chlorhexidine

Answer 14

Solutions and surgical scrubs

Question 15

As a disinfectant, what would you use scrubs and solutions for

Answer 15

Surgical scrub- soak surgical instruments

Solution- used in cold tray to soak instruments for cat neuters and minor procedures. Or spray to clean surfaces

Question 16

Example of a chlorhexidine disinfectant

Answer 16

Nolvasan

Question 17

Chlorhexidine as an antiseptic would be used for

Answer 17

Scrub- clean animals skin prior to surgery (prep)
Scrub surgeons hands
Solution- lavage wounds (clean)

Question 18

Examples of chlorhexidine antiseptics

Answer 18

Nolvasan, hibiclens

Question 19

Which is predominately used on animals, solutions or scrubs

Answer 19

Scrubs

Question 20

Chloride compounds are disinfectants or antiseptics

Answer 20

Disinfectants

Question 21

Example of chloride compound disinfectant

Answer 21

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

Question 22

Characteristics of chloride compounds

Answer 22

Bactericidal and fungicidal
One of best disinfectants for viruses
Cytotoxic (don’t use on living tissues)
Inhibited by organic debris (vomit,etc.)

Question 23

Ration for mixing bleach

Answer 23

1:32 dilution

1/2 cup bleach per gallon of water

Question 24

Dangers of bleach with too high of a concentration

Answer 24

May irritate mucous membranes of people and animals. May mimic upper respiratory infection

Question 25

How long till a sodium hypochlorite diluted mixture lasts

Answer 25

Inactivated within 24hrs

Question 26

Trifectant is a disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 26

Disinfectant

Question 27

Characteristics of trifectants

Answer 27

Effective against many bacteria, fungi, &viruses. Comes in tablet or powder form has to be mixed w water Stable for 5-7 days when mixed

Question 28

Percent ratio for trifectant mixtures

Answer 28

1% to 3% solution

Question 29

Disinfectants effective against parvovirus

Answer 29

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) Trifectant Quat at proper concentrations

Question 30

Parvovirus (different strains) causes

Answer 30

Canine parvo- inhibits and kills white blood cells. Can only be treated by letting it run its course Feline panleukopenia

Question 31

Infection acquired in a hospital or care facility setting

Answer 31

Nosocomial infection

Question 32

How a step pan is used

Answer 32

Place towel or rag in litterbox or pan Poor properly diluted bleach until towel is saturated Place pan at entrance/exit of room housing infected animal(s) Anyone who leaves room must step in pan, squishing with both feet for several seconds

Question 33

Procedure for cleaning surfaces

Answer 33

1 remove contamination (feces,etc.) 2. Evenly cover surface with disinfectant spray 3. Let set for 10 mins if needed (truly decontaminate, Ex: parvo) 4. Wipe surface, following the same leading edge

Question 34

Procedure for cleaning cages

Answer 34

1. dispose litter or newspapers if dirty 2. Disinfect reusable items (bowls,etc.) 3. Wash towels with bleach added 4. Spray and wipe cage floor walls ceiling and door

Question 35

Cleaning dog kennels in Newell procedure

Answer 35

Pick up excrement Spray the run floor, bed, walls, and door (kennel sol) Scrub w scrub brush if any matter is stuck on Spray walls floor and bed with hose Use squeegee to push excess water in gutter

Question 36

Is alcohol a disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 36

Both

Question 37

Alcohol as an antiseptic is used for

Answer 37

Rinsing agent when prep for surgery | May be used to wipe injection or venipunture sites

Question 38

Should you use alcohol on an open wound, why why not?

Answer 38

No. Painful and cytotoxic (toxic to cells)

Question 39

Povidone iodine is a disinfectant or antiseptic

Answer 39

Both

Question 40

Povidone iodine is formulated as a _____ or _____ | Similar to ______

Answer 40

Scrub or solution | Like chlorhexidine

Question 41

Pros and cons of chlorhexidine vs povidone iodine

Answer 41

Povidone much cheaper Povidone has a long period residual activity Some are very allergic, stains

Question 42

What is residual activity

Answer 42

When something continues to have antiseptic properties after it’s been rinsed

Question 43

Brand name of povidone iodine

Answer 43

Betadine

Question 44

Define asepsis

Answer 44

A condition of sterility in which no living organisms are present

Question 45

Aseptic technique

Answer 45

All steps taken to prevent contamination of a surgical site by infectious agents (Shave, scrub, covered w drapes)