Lab 1- Disinfecting And Cleaning Flashcards
Difference between disinfection and sterilization
Disinfection- destruction of vegetative forms, but not the spores, on an object
Sterilization- destruction of all organisms and spores on an object
Similarities between disinfection and sterilization
Both used on inanimate objects, not animals
Took used for sterilization
Autoclave (uses heat and steam)
Disinfectants vs antiseptics
Disinfectants- agents applied to inanimate objects to destroy vegetative forms of bacteria (not spores. That would be sterilization) and inactivate viruses
Antiseptics- agents capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents. Can be used on animals
Chemical disinfectants are called ___
What are the two most common in vet med
Aldehydes.
Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde
Formaldehyde is used for
It is a
Preservation of tissue specimens.
Carcinogenic (can cause cancer, handle w gloves)
Glutaraldehyde is used for
Cold sterilization esp for endoscopes, foot soaks for cattle (not tissue, still technically a disinfectant)
What percentage alcohol would be used as a disinfectant
70%
Characteristics of alcohol as a disinfectant
70%
Bactericidal
Ineffective against spores and fungi
Evaporated rapidly
Inhibited by organic debris (vomit,etc.)
May be used in cold “sterilization trays” or wiping down thermometers and surfaces
Quaternary ammonium (quat) compounds are (disinfectants, antiseptics, sterilizers)
Disinfectants
Quaternary ammonium compound characteristics
Effective against bacteria
Not effective against spores and many viruses
Direct expose toxic to cats!
Effective against parvovirus at proper concentration
Example of a quat compound
Kennel sol
Chlorhexidine can be used as a disinfectant or antiseptic
Both
Two forms of chlorhexidine
Solutions and surgical scrubs
As a disinfectant, what would you use scrubs and solutions for
Surgical scrub- soak surgical instruments
Solution- used in cold tray to soak instruments for cat neuters and minor procedures. Or spray to clean surfaces
Example of a chlorhexidine disinfectant
Nolvasan
Chlorhexidine as an antiseptic would be used for
Scrub- clean animals skin prior to surgery (prep)
Scrub surgeons hands
Solution- lavage wounds (clean)
Examples of chlorhexidine antiseptics
Nolvasan, hibiclens
Which is predominately used on animals, solutions or scrubs
Scrubs
Chloride compounds are disinfectants or antiseptics
Disinfectants
Example of chloride compound disinfectant
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
Characteristics of chloride compounds
Bactericidal and fungicidal
One of best disinfectants for viruses
Cytotoxic (don’t use on living tissues)
Inhibited by organic debris (vomit,etc.)
Ration for mixing bleach
1:32 dilution
1/2 cup bleach per gallon of water
Dangers of bleach with too high of a concentration
May irritate mucous membranes of people and animals. May mimic upper respiratory infection
How long till a sodium hypochlorite diluted mixture lasts
Inactivated within 24hrs
Trifectant is a disinfectant or antiseptic
Disinfectant
Characteristics of trifectants
Effective against many bacteria, fungi, &viruses.
Comes in tablet or powder form has to be mixed w water
Stable for 5-7 days when mixed
Percent ratio for trifectant mixtures
1% to 3% solution
Disinfectants effective against parvovirus
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
Trifectant
Quat at proper concentrations
Parvovirus (different strains) causes
Canine parvo- inhibits and kills white blood cells. Can only be treated by letting it run its course
Feline panleukopenia
Infection acquired in a hospital or care facility setting
Nosocomial infection
How a step pan is used
Place towel or rag in litterbox or pan
Poor properly diluted bleach until towel is saturated
Place pan at entrance/exit of room housing infected animal(s)
Anyone who leaves room must step in pan, squishing with both feet for several seconds
Procedure for cleaning surfaces
1 remove contamination (feces,etc.)
- Evenly cover surface with disinfectant spray
- Let set for 10 mins if needed (truly decontaminate, Ex: parvo)
- Wipe surface, following the same leading edge
Procedure for cleaning cages
- dispose litter or newspapers if dirty
- Disinfect reusable items (bowls,etc.)
- Wash towels with bleach added
- Spray and wipe cage floor walls ceiling and door
Cleaning dog kennels in Newell procedure
Pick up excrement
Spray the run floor, bed, walls, and door (kennel sol)
Scrub w scrub brush if any matter is stuck on
Spray walls floor and bed with hose
Use squeegee to push excess water in gutter
Is alcohol a disinfectant or antiseptic
Both
Alcohol as an antiseptic is used for
Rinsing agent when prep for surgery
May be used to wipe injection or venipunture sites
Should you use alcohol on an open wound, why why not?
No. Painful and cytotoxic (toxic to cells)
Povidone iodine is a disinfectant or antiseptic
Both
Povidone iodine is formulated as a _____ or _____
Similar to ______
Scrub or solution
Like chlorhexidine
Pros and cons of chlorhexidine vs povidone iodine
Povidone much cheaper
Povidone has a long period residual activity
Some are very allergic, stains
What is residual activity
When something continues to have antiseptic properties after it’s been rinsed
Brand name of povidone iodine
Betadine
Define asepsis
A condition of sterility in which no living organisms are present
Aseptic technique
All steps taken to prevent contamination of a surgical site by infectious agents
(Shave, scrub, covered w drapes)
