5:Auscultation And Measurment Of HR Pulse And Resp. Flashcards
The diaphragm on a stethoscope is used to listen to
High pitched sounds produced by bowel, lungs, and heart
The bell on a stethoscope is used to listen to
Low pitched sounds
Ear pieces should point what way
Forward, (when you pull them apart they should face away from you)
Auscultation of the heart means
To listen to the heart
Where to listen for a heartbeat
Lateral thorax, medial to the elbow between the 4th-6th ribs
Closer to ventral aspect
For kittens and small dogs or puppies you should use what side of the stethoscope chest piece
Bell
Ways to stop purring
Rubbing alcohol on cotton ball
Blow in face
Run water near cat
How to stop panting
Lift chin, dog will usually close mouth or slow breathing
What is a thrill
A heart murmur that can be felt on palpation of chest
A “swish swish” sound in heartbeat suggests
Heart murmur
HR aka BPM
Heart rate
Aka beats per minute BPM
HR is written in records as
HR=(number) bpm
Normal HR in dogs and puppies
60-160 bpm
Large breeds at low end, small breeds at high end
Puppies up to 220
Normal HR in cats
100-200 bpm
Kittens and stressed cats higher
Regular heart beats
Beats evenly spaced
Irregular heart beats
Beats unevenly spaced
Sinus rhythm
Normal heart rhythm (in respect to heart rate and rhythm )
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm
Sinus arrhythmia
“Regular irregular” rhythm
HR increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration
Sinus arrhythmia is common in, and not common in
Common in dogs
Not in cats
Systole
Contraction of the heart, chambers empty
Diastole
Relaxation of heart; chambers fill
Asystole
Lack of contraction of heart; heart has stopped (dead)
How to get pulse
Palpate femoral artery (medial aspect of thigh, proximal to stifle)
Press lightly, never with thumb.
Pulse quality can be described as
Strong, weak or threads (not much “snap”)
Pulse rate is (the same or different) as heart rate
The same
Pulse deficit
Pulse is less than heart rate
Diffusion of gases between atmosphere and the body cells
Respiration
Lobe
Well defined segment of the lungs
Breathing is known as
Ventilation
Spontaneous ventilation
Animal is breathing on its own
Mechanical ventilation
Animal is given assistance to breathe
Drawing of breathe is known as
Inhalation or inspiration
Release of breath is known as
Exhalation or expiration
Increase in amount of space occupied by lungs upon inspiration
Expansion
Signs of upper respiratory infection
Sneezing Nasal or ocular discharge Coughing Oral ulcers in cats Corneal ulcers and conjunctivitis in cats
Tracheal manipulation
Usually elicits cough in dogs with kennel cough
Tracheal auscultation
Listen for fluid in trachea
Breath sounds in dogs are heard normally on
Inspiration and first part of expiration
Cat breath sounds are (quieter or louder) than dogs. Often heard only on
Quieter
Inspiration
Number of breaths per minute
Respiratory Rate (RR)
Respiratory rate is counted the same way as
HR
Normal respiratory values for dogs
And cats
Dogs: 12-20 mins
Cat 20-30 mins
(When not purring or panting)
Abnormal respiratory noises
Crackles, rhonchi, wheezing, stridor
Rhonchi
Coarse rattling due to secretions in airway
Crackles
Crackling or popping, usually due to secretions in airway (rice crispies)
Wheezing
High pitched whistling heard during inspiration
Stridor
Snoring, squeaking, or whistling heard on inspiration and expiration
Stridor is a sign of
Airway narrowing
Decreased breath sounds (difficulties hearing) may be due to
Consolidation
Air or fluid in thoracic cavity outside the lungs
Consolidation
Lung becomes firm and solid or engorged with fluid
