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MICR221 > L7 catabolic and anabolic reaction > Flashcards

L7 catabolic and anabolic reaction Flashcards

1
Q

3 things a bacterial cell needs to be able to generate

A

energy source
carbon source
reducing power

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2
Q

what are precursor metabolites

A

compounds require to make an entire microbial cell

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3
Q

what are the three main pathways used to make precursor metabolites

A

glycolysis
TCA cycle
pentose phosphate pathway

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4
Q

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in glycolysis

A

6

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5
Q

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in TCA cycle

A

4

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6
Q

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in pentose phosphate pathway

A

2

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7
Q

how does a bacterial cell get precursor metabolites if it can only carry out glycolysis

A

from the diet

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8
Q

what are precursor metabolites used for ?

A

making amino acids
turned to proteins
to make structures (flagellum)

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9
Q

what do bacteria use for reducing power

A

NAD+

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10
Q

how do bacteria breakdown polymers for energy

A

using a diverse range of digestive enzymes

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11
Q

what are most of the bacteria’s digestive enzymes associated with

A

cell surfaces

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12
Q

what is solute movement in the cell membrane mediated by

A

integral proteins

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13
Q

what forms are integral membrane proteins found in

A

alpha helical

beta strands

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14
Q

3 classes of bacterial active transporters for E.coli

A

major facilitator super family
ATP binding cassette (ABC) family
Group translocation: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependant phosphotransferase system (PTS)

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15
Q

what does the major facilitator superfamily look like

A

12-14 transmembrane spanning helices

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16
Q

what are the major facilitator superfamily

A

single polypeptide secondary carriers

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17
Q

what is the major facilitator superfamily capable of

A

transporting small solutes in response to chemiosmostic gradients

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18
Q

what is a uniporter

A

one solute one way

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19
Q

example of a uniporter

A

Ca2+, driven by the gradient of H+

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20
Q

what is an antiporter

A

proton goes one way, solute goes the other

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21
Q

example of an anti-porter

A

sodium going in

H+ coming out

22
Q

what is a symporter

A

solute is transported in with a proton

23
Q

example of a symporter

A

lactose with a proton

Lactose permease

24
Q

how does an ATP binding cassette transport solutes

A

using primary active transport with ATP as the energy source

25
Q

what do ATP binding cassettes consist of

A

multi-subunits

two membrane spanning domains and two ATP binding sites + periplasmic binding protein

26
Q

how many components does an ATP binding cassette consist of

A

5

27
Q

group translocation is also known as the..

A

phosphotransferase system

28
Q

what is group translocation used for

A

trapping a substrate inside the cell

29
Q

where does the energy for group translocation (phosphotransferase system) transport come from

A

phosphate (PEP)

30
Q

what kind of substrates get transported by phosphotranferase system

A

sugars

31
Q

why is the group translocation diffferent to the ABC and major facilitator super family

A

the substrate appears modified inside the cell

32
Q

how many ATP is used by the ABC

A

2

33
Q

why are two ATP molecules useed by the ABC

A

because there are two ATP binding subunits

34
Q

what two things can the periplasmic protiens bind to?

A

the substrate (B12 is an example) and the membrane spanning proteins

35
Q

what happens to the membrane spanning protiens when the periplasmic protein binds with a substrate

A

undergoes conformational change to transport substrate across the membrane

36
Q

how does ABC get energy

A

hydrolysis of ATP powers the transport system

37
Q

which two forms of active transport result in an unmodified substrate in the cell?

A

major facilitator superfamily

ABC

38
Q

what enzyme is phosphorylated by PEP during group translocation, what happens to the PEP

A

enzyme I which is found in the cytoplasm

it gets turned into pyruvate for the citric acid cycle

39
Q

what happens after enzyme I is phosporylated

A

it transports the P to the HPr protein

40
Q

which two protiens are within translocation are non-specifc

A

enzyme I and HPr

41
Q

what happens after HPr is phosporylated

A

It phosphorylates enzyme IIa

42
Q

what happes after enzyme IIa is phosphorylated

A

it phosphorylates enzyme IIb

43
Q

what happes after enzyme IIb is phosphorylated

A

transfers the P group to enzyme IIc

44
Q

what does enzyme IIc do with the phosphate

A

phosphorylates glucose

45
Q

functions of enzyme IIc

A

membrane spanning protein that transport glucose across the cell and phosphorylates it during transportation

46
Q

which components of the phosphotranferase system are specific

A

Enzyme IIa, IIb, IIc

47
Q

what is meant by a specific component

A

the bacteria will synthesise different types of it according to which sugar is being transported

48
Q

why is having a modified sugar advantageous

A

the P traps the sugar inside the cell

the bacteria doe not have to expend more energy modifying while in the cell

49
Q

what are the advantages to active transport

A

High affinity: a competitive advantage for scarce resources
rapid response to a fluctuating environment
allows cells to accumulate against a conc gradient

50
Q

disadvanatges ot active transport

A

require energy

more complex proteins

51
Q

how are uniporters powered?

A

delta sigh

the electrical gradient

MICR221 (23 decks)

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