L7 catabolic and anabolic reaction Flashcards

1
Q

3 things a bacterial cell needs to be able to generate

A

energy source
carbon source
reducing power

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2
Q

what are precursor metabolites

A

compounds require to make an entire microbial cell

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3
Q

what are the three main pathways used to make precursor metabolites

A

glycolysis
TCA cycle
pentose phosphate pathway

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4
Q

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in glycolysis

A

6

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5
Q

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in TCA cycle

A

4

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6
Q

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in pentose phosphate pathway

A

2

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7
Q

how does a bacterial cell get precursor metabolites if it can only carry out glycolysis

A

from the diet

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8
Q

what are precursor metabolites used for ?

A

making amino acids
turned to proteins
to make structures (flagellum)

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9
Q

what do bacteria use for reducing power

A

NAD+

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10
Q

how do bacteria breakdown polymers for energy

A

using a diverse range of digestive enzymes

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11
Q

what are most of the bacteria’s digestive enzymes associated with

A

cell surfaces

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12
Q

what is solute movement in the cell membrane mediated by

A

integral proteins

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13
Q

what forms are integral membrane proteins found in

A

alpha helical

beta strands

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14
Q

3 classes of bacterial active transporters for E.coli

A

major facilitator super family
ATP binding cassette (ABC) family
Group translocation: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependant phosphotransferase system (PTS)

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15
Q

what does the major facilitator superfamily look like

A

12-14 transmembrane spanning helices

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16
Q

what are the major facilitator superfamily

A

single polypeptide secondary carriers

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17
Q

what is the major facilitator superfamily capable of

A

transporting small solutes in response to chemiosmostic gradients

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18
Q

what is a uniporter

A

one solute one way

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19
Q

example of a uniporter

A

Ca2+, driven by the gradient of H+

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20
Q

what is an antiporter

A

proton goes one way, solute goes the other

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21
Q

example of an anti-porter

A

sodium going in

H+ coming out

22
Q

what is a symporter

A

solute is transported in with a proton

23
Q

example of a symporter

A

lactose with a proton

Lactose permease

24
Q

how does an ATP binding cassette transport solutes

A

using primary active transport with ATP as the energy source

25
what do ATP binding cassettes consist of
multi-subunits | two membrane spanning domains and two ATP binding sites + periplasmic binding protein
26
how many components does an ATP binding cassette consist of
5
27
group translocation is also known as the..
phosphotransferase system
28
what is group translocation used for
trapping a substrate inside the cell
29
where does the energy for group translocation (phosphotransferase system) transport come from
phosphate (PEP)
30
what kind of substrates get transported by phosphotranferase system
sugars
31
why is the group translocation diffferent to the ABC and major facilitator super family
the substrate appears modified inside the cell
32
how many ATP is used by the ABC
2
33
why are two ATP molecules useed by the ABC
because there are two ATP binding subunits
34
what two things can the periplasmic protiens bind to?
the substrate (B12 is an example) and the membrane spanning proteins
35
what happens to the membrane spanning protiens when the periplasmic protein binds with a substrate
undergoes conformational change to transport substrate across the membrane
36
how does ABC get energy
hydrolysis of ATP powers the transport system
37
which two forms of active transport result in an unmodified substrate in the cell?
major facilitator superfamily | ABC
38
what enzyme is phosphorylated by PEP during group translocation, what happens to the PEP
enzyme I which is found in the cytoplasm | it gets turned into pyruvate for the citric acid cycle
39
what happens after enzyme I is phosporylated
it transports the P to the HPr protein
40
which two protiens are within translocation are non-specifc
enzyme I and HPr
41
what happens after HPr is phosporylated
It phosphorylates enzyme IIa
42
what happes after enzyme IIa is phosphorylated
it phosphorylates enzyme IIb
43
what happes after enzyme IIb is phosphorylated
transfers the P group to enzyme IIc
44
what does enzyme IIc do with the phosphate
phosphorylates glucose
45
functions of enzyme IIc
membrane spanning protein that transport glucose across the cell and phosphorylates it during transportation
46
which components of the phosphotranferase system are specific
Enzyme IIa, IIb, IIc
47
what is meant by a specific component
the bacteria will synthesise different types of it according to which sugar is being transported
48
why is having a modified sugar advantageous
the P traps the sugar inside the cell | the bacteria doe not have to expend more energy modifying while in the cell
49
what are the advantages to active transport
High affinity: a competitive advantage for scarce resources rapid response to a fluctuating environment allows cells to accumulate against a conc gradient
50
disadvanatges ot active transport
require energy | more complex proteins
51
how are uniporters powered?
delta sigh | the electrical gradient