L7 catabolic and anabolic reaction

Question 1

3 things a bacterial cell needs to be able to generate

Answer 1

energy source
carbon source
reducing power

Question 2

what are precursor metabolites

Answer 2

compounds require to make an entire microbial cell

Question 3

what are the three main pathways used to make precursor metabolites

Answer 3

glycolysis
TCA cycle
pentose phosphate pathway

Question 4

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in glycolysis

Answer 4

6

Question 5

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in TCA cycle

Answer 5

4

Question 6

how many of E.coli’s precursor metabolites are produced in pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 6

2

Question 7

how does a bacterial cell get precursor metabolites if it can only carry out glycolysis

Answer 7

from the diet

Question 8

what are precursor metabolites used for ?

Answer 8

making amino acids
turned to proteins
to make structures (flagellum)

Question 9

what do bacteria use for reducing power

Answer 9

NAD+

Question 10

how do bacteria breakdown polymers for energy

Answer 10

using a diverse range of digestive enzymes

Question 11

what are most of the bacteria’s digestive enzymes associated with

Answer 11

cell surfaces

Question 12

what is solute movement in the cell membrane mediated by

Answer 12

integral proteins

Question 13

what forms are integral membrane proteins found in

Answer 13

alpha helical

beta strands

Question 14

3 classes of bacterial active transporters for E.coli

Answer 14

major facilitator super family
ATP binding cassette (ABC) family
Group translocation: phosphoenolpyruvate-dependant phosphotransferase system (PTS)

Question 15

what does the major facilitator superfamily look like

Answer 15

12-14 transmembrane spanning helices

Question 16

what are the major facilitator superfamily

Answer 16

single polypeptide secondary carriers

Question 17

what is the major facilitator superfamily capable of

Answer 17

transporting small solutes in response to chemiosmostic gradients

Question 18

what is a uniporter

Answer 18

one solute one way

Question 19

example of a uniporter

Answer 19

Ca2+, driven by the gradient of H+

Question 20

what is an antiporter

Answer 20

proton goes one way, solute goes the other

Question 21

example of an anti-porter

Answer 21

sodium going in

H+ coming out

Question 22

what is a symporter

Answer 22

solute is transported in with a proton

Question 23

example of a symporter

Answer 23

lactose with a proton

Lactose permease

Question 24

how does an ATP binding cassette transport solutes

Answer 24

using primary active transport with ATP as the energy source

Question 25

what do ATP binding cassettes consist of

Answer 25

multi-subunits | two membrane spanning domains and two ATP binding sites + periplasmic binding protein

Question 26

how many components does an ATP binding cassette consist of

Answer 26

5

Question 27

group translocation is also known as the..

Answer 27

phosphotransferase system

Question 28

what is group translocation used for

Answer 28

trapping a substrate inside the cell

Question 29

where does the energy for group translocation (phosphotransferase system) transport come from

Answer 29

phosphate (PEP)

Question 30

what kind of substrates get transported by phosphotranferase system

Answer 30

sugars

Question 31

why is the group translocation diffferent to the ABC and major facilitator super family

Answer 31

the substrate appears modified inside the cell

Question 32

how many ATP is used by the ABC

Answer 32

2

Question 33

why are two ATP molecules useed by the ABC

Answer 33

because there are two ATP binding subunits

Question 34

what two things can the periplasmic protiens bind to?

Answer 34

the substrate (B12 is an example) and the membrane spanning proteins

Question 35

what happens to the membrane spanning protiens when the periplasmic protein binds with a substrate

Answer 35

undergoes conformational change to transport substrate across the membrane

Question 36

how does ABC get energy

Answer 36

hydrolysis of ATP powers the transport system

Question 37

which two forms of active transport result in an unmodified substrate in the cell?

Answer 37

major facilitator superfamily | ABC

Question 38

what enzyme is phosphorylated by PEP during group translocation, what happens to the PEP

Answer 38

enzyme I which is found in the cytoplasm | it gets turned into pyruvate for the citric acid cycle

Question 39

what happens after enzyme I is phosporylated

Answer 39

it transports the P to the HPr protein

Question 40

which two protiens are within translocation are non-specifc

Answer 40

enzyme I and HPr

Question 41

what happens after HPr is phosporylated

Answer 41

It phosphorylates enzyme IIa

Question 42

what happes after enzyme IIa is phosphorylated

Answer 42

it phosphorylates enzyme IIb

Question 43

what happes after enzyme IIb is phosphorylated

Answer 43

transfers the P group to enzyme IIc

Question 44

what does enzyme IIc do with the phosphate

Answer 44

phosphorylates glucose

Question 45

functions of enzyme IIc

Answer 45

membrane spanning protein that transport glucose across the cell and phosphorylates it during transportation

Question 46

which components of the phosphotranferase system are specific

Answer 46

Enzyme IIa, IIb, IIc

Question 47

what is meant by a specific component

Answer 47

the bacteria will synthesise different types of it according to which sugar is being transported

Question 48

why is having a modified sugar advantageous

Answer 48

the P traps the sugar inside the cell | the bacteria doe not have to expend more energy modifying while in the cell

Question 49

what are the advantages to active transport

Answer 49

High affinity: a competitive advantage for scarce resources rapid response to a fluctuating environment allows cells to accumulate against a conc gradient

Question 50

disadvanatges ot active transport

Answer 50

require energy | more complex proteins

Question 51

how are uniporters powered?

Answer 51

delta sigh | the electrical gradient