L18 Symmetry, genome, shape and size Flashcards

1
Q

what are viruses?

A

acellular microorganisms that require a host to survive

obligate intracellular parasites

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2
Q

aspects of viruses that make them living

A

have self-replicating genome
produce offspring
encode enzymes

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3
Q

what does a viruses ability to encode enzymes do

A

allows it to manipulate the metabolism of the host

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4
Q

what aspects of viruses make it non-living

A

acellular
obligatory dependence on host
do not have their own metabolism

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4
Q

what aspects of viruses make it non-living

A

acellular
obligatory dependence on host
do not have their own metabolism

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5
Q

general structure of a virion

A

nucleocapsid (nucleic acid genome + protein coat)

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6
Q

name of the protein coat

A

capsid

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7
Q

what is the third components that is sometimes present in virions

A

lipid envelope

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8
Q

what is the capsid comprised of

A

multiple units of protein building blocks

-protomers

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9
Q

symmetry of protomers

A

helical
icosahedral
complex

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10
Q

describe a helical structure

A
a helix (spring)
similar to the nucleic acid
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11
Q

example of virus with helical symmetry

A

tobacco mosaic virus

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12
Q

examples of enveloped helical viruses

A

influenza

covid

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13
Q

describe icosahedral symmetry

A

icosahedral (20 face polyhedron)

each face is an equilateral triangle

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14
Q

what happen within each triangular face of viruses with icosahedral symmetry

A

protomers further arrange into units of 5-6 to form capsomers

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15
Q

examples of non-enveloped viruses with icosahedral symmetry

A

poliovirus
adenovirus
papillomavirus

16
Q

examples of enveloped viruses with icosahedral symmetry

A

herpes simplex virus

17
Q

what is binal symmetry

A

when the capsid is separated into two parts;
icosahedral head
helical tail

18
Q

example of a virus with binal symmetry

A

bacteriophage

19
Q

what is complex symmetry

A

when the virus capsid is not either icosahedral or helical

20
Q

example of virus with complex symmetry

21
Q

structure of pox virus

A

envelope
inner membrane
core with nucleic acid
lateral body

22
Q

components of the viral genome

A

nucleic acid: RNA and DNA

4000->1 million nucleotides

23
Q

possible structures of a virus genome

A

linear
circular
segemented

24
example of a virus with a segmented genome
influenza virus
25
example of a virus with a circular genome
simian virus
26
example of a virus with a linear genome
pox virus, coronavirus
27
4 configurations of the viral genome
single-stranded DNA double-stranded DNA single-stranded RNA double-stranded RNA
28
what two configuration are common and which are rare
dsDNA and dsRNA common | ssDNA and ssRNA rare
29
example of virus with ssDNA
Parvovirus
30
example of virus with dsDNA
poxvirus | bacteriophage
31
example of virus with dsRNA
influenza | coronavirus
32
example of viruses with ssRNA genome
reovirus
33
what is ssRNA divided into
``` positive sense (plus strand) negative sense (negative strand) ```
34
example of positive sense ssRNA genome
zika virus | corona virus
35
example of negative sense ssRNA viruses
influenza
36
shapes of viruses
``` rod brick bullet filament crystal moon-landing shuttle crown ```
37
size range of viruses
10nm-400nm
38
what is the largest virus known
mimivirus