L18 Symmetry, genome, shape and size

Question 1

what are viruses?

Answer 1

acellular microorganisms that require a host to survive

obligate intracellular parasites

Question 2

aspects of viruses that make them living

Answer 2

have self-replicating genome
produce offspring
encode enzymes

Question 3

what does a viruses ability to encode enzymes do

Answer 3

allows it to manipulate the metabolism of the host

Question 4

what aspects of viruses make it non-living

Answer 4

acellular
obligatory dependence on host
do not have their own metabolism

Question 4

what aspects of viruses make it non-living

Answer 4

acellular
obligatory dependence on host
do not have their own metabolism

Question 5

general structure of a virion

Answer 5

nucleocapsid (nucleic acid genome + protein coat)

Question 6

name of the protein coat

Answer 6

capsid

Question 7

what is the third components that is sometimes present in virions

Answer 7

lipid envelope

Question 8

what is the capsid comprised of

Answer 8

multiple units of protein building blocks

-protomers

Question 9

symmetry of protomers

Answer 9

helical
icosahedral
complex

Question 10

describe a helical structure

Answer 10

a helix (spring)
similar to the nucleic acid

Question 11

example of virus with helical symmetry

Answer 11

tobacco mosaic virus

Question 12

examples of enveloped helical viruses

Answer 12

influenza

covid

Question 13

describe icosahedral symmetry

Answer 13

icosahedral (20 face polyhedron)

each face is an equilateral triangle

Question 14

what happen within each triangular face of viruses with icosahedral symmetry

Answer 14

protomers further arrange into units of 5-6 to form capsomers

Question 15

examples of non-enveloped viruses with icosahedral symmetry

Answer 15

poliovirus
adenovirus
papillomavirus

Question 16

examples of enveloped viruses with icosahedral symmetry

Answer 16

herpes simplex virus

Question 17

what is binal symmetry

Answer 17

when the capsid is separated into two parts;
icosahedral head
helical tail

Question 18

example of a virus with binal symmetry

Answer 18

bacteriophage

Question 19

what is complex symmetry

Answer 19

when the virus capsid is not either icosahedral or helical

Question 20

example of virus with complex symmetry

Answer 20

pox virus

Question 21

structure of pox virus

Answer 21

envelope
inner membrane
core with nucleic acid
lateral body

Question 22

components of the viral genome

Answer 22

nucleic acid: RNA and DNA

4000->1 million nucleotides

Question 23

possible structures of a virus genome

Answer 23

linear
circular
segemented

Question 24

example of a virus with a segmented genome

Answer 24

influenza virus

Question 25

example of a virus with a circular genome

Answer 25

simian virus

Question 26

example of a virus with a linear genome

Answer 26

pox virus, coronavirus

Question 27

4 configurations of the viral genome

Answer 27

single-stranded DNA double-stranded DNA single-stranded RNA double-stranded RNA

Question 28

what two configuration are common and which are rare

Answer 28

dsDNA and dsRNA common | ssDNA and ssRNA rare

Question 29

example of virus with ssDNA

Answer 29

Parvovirus

Question 30

example of virus with dsDNA

Answer 30

poxvirus | bacteriophage

Question 31

example of virus with dsRNA

Answer 31

influenza | coronavirus

Question 32

example of viruses with ssRNA genome

Answer 32

reovirus

Question 33

what is ssRNA divided into

Answer 33

``` positive sense (plus strand) negative sense (negative strand) ```

Question 34

example of positive sense ssRNA genome

Answer 34

zika virus | corona virus

Question 35

example of negative sense ssRNA viruses

Answer 35

influenza

Question 36

shapes of viruses

Answer 36

``` rod brick bullet filament crystal moon-landing shuttle crown ```

Question 37

size range of viruses

Answer 37

10nm-400nm

Question 38

what is the largest virus known

Answer 38

mimivirus