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MICR221 > L20 DNA replication > Flashcards

L20 DNA replication Flashcards

1
Q

what are the genome replication sites of in eukaryotic cells

A

nucleus (most DNA viruses)

cytoplasm (few, pox virus)

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2
Q

what are the viral genome replication sites in prokaryotic cells

A

cytoplasm

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3
Q

what enzymes/structures involved in DNA replication

A

DNA dependent DNA polymerase
DNA dependant RNA polermerase
ribsome

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4
Q

steps of the DNA replication

A

DNA is transcribed into mRNA

mRNA is translated into proteins

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5
Q

what enzyme is used for the replication of the DNA

A

DNA dependant DNA polyermase

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6
Q

what enzyme is used during transcription

A

RNA dependant DNA polymerase

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7
Q

what structure is used during translation

A

ribosome

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8
Q

what host factors does the virus use to replicate

A

always ribosome and RNA dependant DNA polymerase

sometimes DNA dependent DNA polymerase

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9
Q

describe synthesis of viral proteins (gene expression) in DNA viruses

A

-not all genes are expressed at the same time, they’re sequentially expressed

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10
Q

what are the three types of genes (gene expression)

A

immediate/early genes
early genes
late genes

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11
Q

when are the immediate-early genes transcribed

A

as soon as the virus is within the cell

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12
Q

what kind of proteins do the immediate genes transcribe

A

alpha mRNA

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13
Q

what does alpha mRNA translate to

A

alpha proteins

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14
Q

viral linear dsDNA replication examples

A

T4 phage, gamma phage, herpes virus, poxvirus

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15
Q

how do dsDNA viruses replicate (4)

A

concatemers formed after replication (T4 phage)
close ends by covalent bonds (pox virus)
circularising DNA before replication (herpesvirus)
using a viral protein for priming for replication

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16
Q

what is a concatemer

A

long DNA molecule consisting of two or more DNA genomes linked together

17
Q

how are genomes of a concatemer linked

A

successive homologous recombination events

18
Q

how are concatemers resolved

A

host endonuclease nicks it into individual genomes and packed into the virion

19
Q

how are concatemers resolved

A

host endonuclease nicks it into individual genomes and packed into the virion

20
Q

how are ends closed using covalent bonding

A

host helicase nicks closed-end
3’ prime ends form a hair loop and acts as a primer for RNA primer-independent replication
polymerase begins replication using itself as a template
2 genome concatermor is formed

21
Q

explain the process of circulising DNA replication

A

cohesive or blunt ends of DNA form a circle
helicase creates a nick, 3’ end is the primer
RNA primer independent replication of one strand occurs using the inner strand as a template
once one strand is replicate the outer strand is displaced and complementary synthesis begins (fragments)

22
Q

explain the process of using a viral protein as a primer

A

RNA and DNA independant replication
viral protein interacts and forms complex with polymerase
complex binds to 3’ end of one strand and begins synthesis
other strand is displaced and DNA binding protein (DBP) attaches and forms a circle
polymerase starts synthesis on the displaced strand which removes the DBP

23
Q

what kind of virus uses a viral protein primer method of replication

A

adenovirus

24
Q

how does linear ssDNA replicate in viruses

A

the palindromic end of DNA form a hair pin
3’ prime end serves as a primer
replisome pushes through and flattens the 5’ end
nuclease nicks the DNA of the bottom strand
The 3’ prime end again acts as a primer and the top strand is used as a template forming a dsDNA intermediate
The upper strand folds into genomic DNA and the bottom begins the cycle again

25
Q

example a virus that has linear ssDNA

A

parvovirus

26
Q

how many types of DNA replication are there and what are they

A

linear ssDNA
linear ds DNA
circular dsDNA
circular ssDNA

27
Q

how many types of linear dsDNA replication is there

A

4

28
Q

how many types of linear ssDNA are there

A

1

29
Q

example of circular dsDNA replication

A

SV40

30
Q

what enzyme is the viral T antigen in circular dsDNA replication

A

helicase

31
Q

stages of circular dsDNA replication

A

initiation
elongation
decatenation

32
Q

what happens during initiation

A

recognition by T antigen (helicase)

unwinding begins

33
Q

what happens during elongation

A

multiprotein replication complex begins to add bases in a bi-directional fashion

34
Q

what happens during decatenation

A

Topoisomerases decatenates the two genomes

35
Q

example of virus that uses circular ssDNA replication

A

oX174 phage

MICR221 (23 decks)

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