L6 Neoplasia I Flashcards
What is neoplasia?
“New growth”
Disordered cell growth triggered by a series of acquired mutations of a single cell and its subsequent clones.
What are the three main qualities of neoplasia?
- Monoclonal
- Autonomous
- Irreversible
What is an abnormal growth of tissue?
Tumor
What type of tumors remain localized and do not metastasize?
Benign tumors
What type of tumors invade, destroy, and metastasize?
Malignant tumors
What are the two basic components of all tumors?
- Parenchyma
2. Stroma
What is the parenchyma?
Neoplastic cells that largely determine the behavior of the tumor;
What is the stroma?
Connective tissue, blood vessels, and immune cells that support the growth and spread of the neoplasm
How are tumors classified?
According to their cell of origin
What is a teratoma?
A tumor that contains cells from more than one germ layer
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: fibrous tissue.
B: Fibroma
M: Fibrosarcoma
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: chondroid tissue
B: Chondroma
M: Chondrosarcoma
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: osteoid tissue
B: Osteoma
M: Osteosarcoma
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: blood vessels.
B: Hemangioma
M: Angiosarcoma
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: smooth muscle.
B: Leiomyoma
M: Leiomyosarcoma
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: skeletal muscle.
B: Rhabdomyoma
M: Rhabdomyosarcoma
Name the tumor based on the tissue of origin: lymphoid tissue.
M: Lymphoma
Name the tumor based on the tissue of origin: Hematopoietic cells
M: Leukemia
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: stratified squamous cells.
B: Squamous papilloma
M: Squamous cell carcinoma
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: epithelial lining of glands of ducts
B: Adenoma
M: Adenocarcinoma
What is a mixed tumor derived from one germ cell layer?
Single neoplastic clone capable of divergent differentiation (1 germ cell layer, >1 neoplastic cell type)
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: salivary glands (1 germ cell layer, mixed tumor)
B: Pleomorphic adenoma
M: Malignant mixed tumor of the salivary glands
Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: teratoma of the gonads
B: Mature teratoma
M: Immature teratoma; teratocarcinoma
Compare the cell morphology of benign and malignant neoplasms.
B: Well-differentiated to dysplastic
M: Well-differentiated to very de-differentiated (anaplastic)
Compare the rate of growth of benign and malignant neoplasms.
B: Most grow slowly
M: Variable, unpredictable
Compare the spread of the tumor of benign and malignant neoplasms.
B: Most are encapsulated and stay localized
M: Infiltrate, destroy locally, metastasize
Describe the cell morphology of malignant cells.
- High nucleus:cytoplasm ratio
- Prominent nucleoli
- Pleomorphic
Describe the 2 features of cells of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
- Intercellular bridges
2. Keratin pearls
What is dysplasia?
Disordered growth
Where is dysplasia typically found?
Epithelium
What are some features of dysplasia?
- Pleomorphism
- Hyperchromatic nuclei
- High N/C ratio
- Mitotic figures above basal layer
- Disorderly maturation and architecture
- Does not penetrate the basement membrane
True or false - dysplasia is irreversible.
False - it may regress.
What are the three major pathways of spread of metastatic cancer?
- Direct seeding of body cavities and surfaces
- Lymphatic spread
- Hematogenous spread
