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MHD 1 > L6 Neoplasia I > Flashcards

L6 Neoplasia I Flashcards

1
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

“New growth”

Disordered cell growth triggered by a series of acquired mutations of a single cell and its subsequent clones.

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2
Q

What are the three main qualities of neoplasia?

A
  1. Monoclonal
  2. Autonomous
  3. Irreversible
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3
Q

What is an abnormal growth of tissue?

A

Tumor

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4
Q

What type of tumors remain localized and do not metastasize?

A

Benign tumors

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5
Q

What type of tumors invade, destroy, and metastasize?

A

Malignant tumors

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6
Q

What are the two basic components of all tumors?

A
  1. Parenchyma

2. Stroma

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7
Q

What is the parenchyma?

A

Neoplastic cells that largely determine the behavior of the tumor;

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8
Q

What is the stroma?

A

Connective tissue, blood vessels, and immune cells that support the growth and spread of the neoplasm

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9
Q

How are tumors classified?

A

According to their cell of origin

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10
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

A tumor that contains cells from more than one germ layer

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11
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: fibrous tissue.

A

B: Fibroma
M: Fibrosarcoma

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12
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: chondroid tissue

A

B: Chondroma
M: Chondrosarcoma

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13
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: osteoid tissue

A

B: Osteoma
M: Osteosarcoma

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14
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: blood vessels.

A

B: Hemangioma
M: Angiosarcoma

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15
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: smooth muscle.

A

B: Leiomyoma
M: Leiomyosarcoma

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16
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: skeletal muscle.

A

B: Rhabdomyoma
M: Rhabdomyosarcoma

17
Q

Name the tumor based on the tissue of origin: lymphoid tissue.

A

M: Lymphoma

18
Q

Name the tumor based on the tissue of origin: Hematopoietic cells

A

M: Leukemia

19
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: stratified squamous cells.

A

B: Squamous papilloma
M: Squamous cell carcinoma

20
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: epithelial lining of glands of ducts

A

B: Adenoma
M: Adenocarcinoma

21
Q

What is a mixed tumor derived from one germ cell layer?

A

Single neoplastic clone capable of divergent differentiation (1 germ cell layer, >1 neoplastic cell type)

22
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: salivary glands (1 germ cell layer, mixed tumor)

A

B: Pleomorphic adenoma
M: Malignant mixed tumor of the salivary glands

23
Q

Name the tumor (benign and malignant) based on the tissue of origin: teratoma of the gonads

A

B: Mature teratoma
M: Immature teratoma; teratocarcinoma

24
Q

Compare the cell morphology of benign and malignant neoplasms.

A

B: Well-differentiated to dysplastic
M: Well-differentiated to very de-differentiated (anaplastic)

25
Q

Compare the rate of growth of benign and malignant neoplasms.

A

B: Most grow slowly
M: Variable, unpredictable

26
Q

Compare the spread of the tumor of benign and malignant neoplasms.

A

B: Most are encapsulated and stay localized
M: Infiltrate, destroy locally, metastasize

27
Q

Describe the cell morphology of malignant cells.

A
  1. High nucleus:cytoplasm ratio
  2. Prominent nucleoli
  3. Pleomorphic
28
Q

Describe the 2 features of cells of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

A
  1. Intercellular bridges

2. Keratin pearls

29
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

Disordered growth

30
Q

Where is dysplasia typically found?

A

Epithelium

31
Q

What are some features of dysplasia?

A
  1. Pleomorphism
  2. Hyperchromatic nuclei
  3. High N/C ratio
  4. Mitotic figures above basal layer
  5. Disorderly maturation and architecture
  6. Does not penetrate the basement membrane
32
Q

True or false - dysplasia is irreversible.

A

False - it may regress.

33
Q

What are the three major pathways of spread of metastatic cancer?

A
  1. Direct seeding of body cavities and surfaces
  2. Lymphatic spread
  3. Hematogenous spread

MHD 1 (58 decks)

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