L3 Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
What are the characteristics of chronic inflammation?
Prolonged tissue reaction, accumulation of lymphocytes and macrophages, proliferating blood vessels, formation of connective tissue
What are the predominating cells of chronic inflammation?
Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells
What is the signature cell of chronic inflammation?
Activated macrophages (M1)
Chronic high levels of inflammatory cytokines cause increased production of what three things?
- Hepatic production of defense proteins
- Hepcidin prodution
- Growth factors for platelets, monocytes
Granulomatous inflammation is associated with persistent ___ activation and is common with ___ microbial infection.
T-cell; intracellular
Granulomatous inflammation is commonly seen in what two diseases?
- Sarcoidosis
2. IBD
Describe the morphology of a granuloma.
- Caseous or necrotizing central portion (w/no nuclei)
- Activated macrophages and multinucleated giant cells in the periphery
- Cuff of T-cells (CD3+/CD4+)
- Rim of proliferating fibroblasts
There are several biochemical changes in inflammation. What are they?
- Increased hepatic production of fibrinogen, ceruloplasmin, C3
- Decrease in albumin synthesis
- Increased hepcidin (anemia)
- Growth factors stimulate marrow to increase leukocyte and platelet production
What is C-reactive protein (CRP)?
Protein stimulated by inflammation, tightly linked to IL-6 levels, measured to determine if chronic inflammation is occurring; can be falsely elevated in obesity
What is the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?
The rate at which IgG and fibrinogen-coated erythrocytes fall through a column of plasma (falls faster); indicates chronic inflammation
What are the common cytokines seen in acute inflammation?
TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, chemokines
What are the common cytokines seen in chronic inflammation?
IL-12, IL-17, IFN-gamma
