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MHD 1 > Histology of the Circulatory System > Flashcards

Histology of the Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Veins
  3. Capillaries
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2
Q

What are the 4 types of arteries?

A
  1. Large artery
  2. Medium artery
  3. Small artery
  4. Arteriole
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3
Q

What are the 4 types of veins?

A
  1. Large vein
  2. Medium vein
  3. Small vein
  4. Venule
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4
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Discontinuous
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5
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

A
  1. Tunica intima (innermost)
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica adventitia (outermost)
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6
Q

What are the layers of the tunica intima?

A
  1. Endothelium
  2. Subendothelium
  3. Internal elastic lamina (IEL) - in arteries only
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7
Q

What are the layers of the tunica media?

A
  1. Smooth muscle layer

2. External elastic lamina (EEL) - in large/medium arteries only

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8
Q

What are the layers of the tunica adventitia?

A
  1. Connective tissue and fibroblasts
  2. Longitudinal smooth muscles - in veins only
  3. Vasovasorum - in large vessels only (small vessels supplying oxygen and nutrients to the external layers of a vessel)
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9
Q

The endothelium is composed of a single layer of ___ cells.

A

Squamous

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10
Q

How are small arteries different from medium arteries?

A

Smaller diameter, no external elastic lamina, fewer layers of smooth muscle cells

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11
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle cells are seen in arterioles?

A

1-2

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12
Q

What is not seen in arterioles?

A

Both layers of elastic lamina and subendothelial layers

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13
Q

Describe the tunica media in each of the 4 types of arteries.

A
  1. Large arteries: smooth muscle cells, lots of elastic fibers
  2. Medium arteries: multiple layers of smooth muscle cells (6-40)
  3. 2-6 layers of smooth muscle
  4. Arterioles: 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
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14
Q

What is the function of large arteries?

A

Conduct blood to the heart, accommodate pressure changes, maintain continuous blood flow during diastole

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15
Q

What is the function of medium arteries?

A

Distributing blood

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16
Q

What is the function of small arteries?

A

Control and modulation of blood pressure

17
Q

What is the function of arterioles?

A

Control blood flow to capillaries, regulate blood pressure

18
Q

What are examples of large arteries?

A

Aorta and its branches (subclavian, carotid, iliac)

19
Q

What are examples of medium arteries?

A

Coronary, renal

20
Q

What are the smallest vessels and what is there function?

A

Capillaries; connect arterioles and venules

21
Q

Capillaries have ___ layer(s) of endothelial cells with a basal lamina.

A

1

22
Q

What is the difference between fenestrated and discontinuous capillaries?

A

Fenestrated: have holes/pores in the endothelial layer

Discontinuous: have holes in the endothelial layer and basal lamina

23
Q

What is the difference between venules and small veins?

A

Small veins: slightly larger lumen, more visible smooth muscle layer

Venules: small lumens, thin walls, only one layer of endothelium; also have surrounding connective tissue

24
Q

What is unique about the tunica adventitia in a vein?

A

It is very wide (as opposed to the tunica media being the widest part of an artery)

25
Q

How are smooth muscles organized in medium veins?

A

Into bundles

26
Q

What are valves?

A

Folds in the intima seen in media and large veins, also in lymphatics

27
Q

The number of valves ___ with the size of the vessel.

A

Increase

28
Q

What is the function of valves?

A

Prevent backflow of blood

29
Q

Compare the lumen of arteries and veins.

A

Arteries: smaller, rounder, prominent internal elastic lamina
Veins: larger, flatter

30
Q

Compare the tunica media and adventitia in arteries and veins.

A

Arteries: media thicker than adventitia
Veins: adventitia thicker than media + longitudinal smooth muscle bundles

31
Q

Which vessels have valves?

A

Veins (not arteries)

32
Q

What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

A

Collect and drain interstitial fluid from the tissues

MHD 1 (58 decks)

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