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MHD 1 > Histology Module 1 Introduction to Histology + Lab 1 Histology > Flashcards

Histology Module 1 Introduction to Histology + Lab 1 Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of dye is hematoxylin?

A

Basic

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2
Q

How does hematoxylin work?

A

Hematoxylin stains structures (nuclei, ribosome) containing acids blue/purple

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3
Q

What type of dye is eosin?

A

Acidic

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4
Q

How does eosin work?

A

Eosin stains structures containing protein pink

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5
Q

In an H&E stain, what color are nuclei?

A

Purple (hematoxylin)

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6
Q

In an H&E stain, what color is the cytoplasm?

A

Pink (eosin)

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7
Q

What is stained by the gram stain and what are the colors?

A

Bacteria (Gram positive - purple, Gram negative - red/pink, background - yellow)

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8
Q

What is stained by the periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) and what are the colors?

A 
Fungi, glycogen,
 basement membranes (positive areas - bright pink; background - light pink)
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9
Q

What is stained by the Grocott methenamine silver stain (GMS) and what are the colors?

A

Fungi (black); background (green)

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10
Q

What is stained by the acid fast stain?

A

Mycobacteria, actinomyces (red), background - blue

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11
Q

What is an immunohistochemical stain (IHC) and what are the colors?

A

Use Ab to bind to Ag in tissues; this is conjugated to an enzyme that catalyzes a color reaction; background/negative - blue, positive - brown/red

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12
Q

What is the range of objectives in low power?

A

2x-10x

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13
Q

What is the range of objectives in high power?

A

20x-100x

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14
Q

Describe nuclei in a basic histology slide.

A

Round, more basophilic

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15
Q

Describe nucleoli in a basic histology slide.

A

Most basophilic within the cell

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16
Q

Describe apoptotic cells in a basic histology slide.

A

More pink/eosinophilic (degeneration of high acid-containing structures)

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17
Q

Describe mitosis in a basic histology slide.

A

Tangled, dark staining threads/dark blobs (high acid content of chromosomes), no nuclear membrane

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue and what are the 3 descriptors to classify them?

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
  4. Simple
  5. Stratified
  6. Pseudo-stratified
19
Q

What type of epithelial cells are flat and have abundant cytoplasm/

A

Squamous

20
Q

What type of epithelia have cells of equal height, width, and depth?

A

Cuboidal

21
Q

What type of epithelial cells are longer than they are wide?

A

Columnar

22
Q

Which types of muscle are striated?

A

Skeletal and cardiac

23
Q

Describe the nuclei of skeletal muscle.

A

Multiple, peripheral

24
Q

Describe the nuclei of cardiac muscle.

A

Single, central

25
Q

Describe the nuclei of smooth muscle.

A

Single, central

26
Q

Which type of muscle has intercalated disks?

A

Cardiac

27
Q

What is a collection of nerve fibers?

A

Fascicle

28
Q

What surrounds a fascicle of nerve tissue?

A

Perinurium

29
Q

Describe the architecture of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).

A

Connective: no defined boundary
Nervous: fascicles surrounded by perineurium
Smooth muscle: bundles surrounded by perimysium
Skeletal/cardiac: bundles surrounded by perimysium

30
Q

Describe the tissue arrangement of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).

A

Connective: linear eosinophilic
Nervous: wavy eosinophilic
Smooth muscle: wavy eosinophilic
Skeletal/cardiac: linear eosinophilic

31
Q

Which type of tissue has indistinct cell boards?

A

Connective tissue

32
Q

Describe the cytoplasm of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).

A

Connective: uniform
Nervous: foamy
Smooth muscle: uniform
Skeletal/cardiac: striated

33
Q

Which type of tissue has spindled nuclei (versus cigar-shaped)?

A

Nervous

34
Q

Describe the distribution of nuclei of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).

A

Connective: evenly distributed within ECM
Nervous: center of cell
Smooth: center of cell
Skeletal/cardiac: periphery/center of cell

35
Q

Why is cartilage pliable?

A

Perichondrium surrounds chondrocytes, which are trapped in lacunae

36
Q

What is bone composed of?

A

Osteoblasts (edge of bone, produce matrix) and osteocytes (middle of bone)

37
Q

What lines blood vessels?

A

Endothelial cells

38
Q

Compare and contrast arteries and veins histologically.

A

Arteries are wider and surrounded by thicker smooth muscle; veins are flatter and have less prominent muscle layers

39
Q

What are the characteristic cells seen in chronic inflammation?

A
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Plasma cells
  3. Macrophages
    NO NEUTROPHILS
40
Q

Compare and contrast lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages histologically.

A

Lymphocytes: small, scant cytoplasm, central prominent nuclei
Plasma cells: more abundant cytoplasm, round, eccentrically-placed nucleus
Macrophages (histiocytes): larger, foamy cytoplasm, central nucleus

41
Q

What are the characteristic cells seen in acute inflammation?

A
  1. Neutrophils

2. Eosinophils

42
Q

Compare and contrast neutrophils and eosinophils histologically.

A

Neutrophils: cytoplasm with multi-lobed (3-5) nuclei
Eosinophils: granular, bright eosinophilic cytoplasm, bi-lobed nucleus

43
Q

Where is the nucleus located in adipocytes?

A

Pushed to the side by cytoplasmic liquid

44
Q

What type of special stain dyes lipids, triglycerides, and some lipoproteins red?

A

Oil Red O

MHD 1 (58 decks)

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