Histology Module 1 Introduction to Histology + Lab 1 Histology

Question 1

What type of dye is hematoxylin?

Answer 1

Basic

Question 2

How does hematoxylin work?

Answer 2

Hematoxylin stains structures (nuclei, ribosome) containing acids blue/purple

Question 3

What type of dye is eosin?

Answer 3

Acidic

Question 4

How does eosin work?

Answer 4

Eosin stains structures containing protein pink

Question 5

In an H&E stain, what color are nuclei?

Answer 5

Purple (hematoxylin)

Question 6

In an H&E stain, what color is the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Pink (eosin)

Question 7

What is stained by the gram stain and what are the colors?

Answer 7

Bacteria (Gram positive - purple, Gram negative - red/pink, background - yellow)

Question 8

What is stained by the periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) and what are the colors?

Answer 8

Fungi, glycogen,
 basement membranes (positive areas - bright pink; background - light pink)

Question 9

What is stained by the Grocott methenamine silver stain (GMS) and what are the colors?

Answer 9

Fungi (black); background (green)

Question 10

What is stained by the acid fast stain?

Answer 10

Mycobacteria, actinomyces (red), background - blue

Question 11

What is an immunohistochemical stain (IHC) and what are the colors?

Answer 11

Use Ab to bind to Ag in tissues; this is conjugated to an enzyme that catalyzes a color reaction; background/negative - blue, positive - brown/red

Question 12

What is the range of objectives in low power?

Answer 12

2x-10x

Question 13

What is the range of objectives in high power?

Answer 13

20x-100x

Question 14

Describe nuclei in a basic histology slide.

Answer 14

Round, more basophilic

Question 15

Describe nucleoli in a basic histology slide.

Answer 15

Most basophilic within the cell

Question 16

Describe apoptotic cells in a basic histology slide.

Answer 16

More pink/eosinophilic (degeneration of high acid-containing structures)

Question 17

Describe mitosis in a basic histology slide.

Answer 17

Tangled, dark staining threads/dark blobs (high acid content of chromosomes), no nuclear membrane

Question 18

What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue and what are the 3 descriptors to classify them?

Answer 18

1. Squamous
2. Cuboidal
3. Columnar
4. Simple
5. Stratified
6. Pseudo-stratified

Question 19

What type of epithelial cells are flat and have abundant cytoplasm/

Answer 19

Squamous

Question 20

What type of epithelia have cells of equal height, width, and depth?

Answer 20

Cuboidal

Question 21

What type of epithelial cells are longer than they are wide?

Answer 21

Columnar

Question 22

Which types of muscle are striated?

Answer 22

Skeletal and cardiac

Question 23

Describe the nuclei of skeletal muscle.

Answer 23

Multiple, peripheral

Question 24

Describe the nuclei of cardiac muscle.

Answer 24

Single, central

Question 25

Describe the nuclei of smooth muscle.

Answer 25

Single, central

Question 26

Which type of muscle has intercalated disks?

Answer 26

Cardiac

Question 27

What is a collection of nerve fibers?

Answer 27

Fascicle

Question 28

What surrounds a fascicle of nerve tissue?

Answer 28

Perinurium

Question 29

Describe the architecture of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).

Answer 29

Connective: no defined boundary Nervous: fascicles surrounded by perineurium Smooth muscle: bundles surrounded by perimysium Skeletal/cardiac: bundles surrounded by perimysium

Question 30

Describe the tissue arrangement of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).

Answer 30

Connective: linear eosinophilic Nervous: wavy eosinophilic Smooth muscle: wavy eosinophilic Skeletal/cardiac: linear eosinophilic

Question 31

Which type of tissue has indistinct cell boards?

Answer 31

Connective tissue

Question 32

Describe the cytoplasm of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).

Answer 32

Connective: uniform Nervous: foamy Smooth muscle: uniform Skeletal/cardiac: striated

Question 33

Which type of tissue has spindled nuclei (versus cigar-shaped)?

Answer 33

Nervous

Question 34

Describe the distribution of nuclei of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).

Answer 34

Connective: evenly distributed within ECM Nervous: center of cell Smooth: center of cell Skeletal/cardiac: periphery/center of cell

Question 35

Why is cartilage pliable?

Answer 35

Perichondrium surrounds chondrocytes, which are trapped in lacunae

Question 36

What is bone composed of?

Answer 36

Osteoblasts (edge of bone, produce matrix) and osteocytes (middle of bone)

Question 37

What lines blood vessels?

Answer 37

Endothelial cells

Question 38

Compare and contrast arteries and veins histologically.

Answer 38

Arteries are wider and surrounded by thicker smooth muscle; veins are flatter and have less prominent muscle layers

Question 39

What are the characteristic cells seen in chronic inflammation?

Answer 39

1. Lymphocytes 2. Plasma cells 3. Macrophages NO NEUTROPHILS

Question 40

Compare and contrast lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages histologically.

Answer 40

Lymphocytes: small, scant cytoplasm, central prominent nuclei Plasma cells: more abundant cytoplasm, round, eccentrically-placed nucleus Macrophages (histiocytes): larger, foamy cytoplasm, central nucleus

Question 41

What are the characteristic cells seen in acute inflammation?

Answer 41

1. Neutrophils | 2. Eosinophils

Question 42

Compare and contrast neutrophils and eosinophils histologically.

Answer 42

Neutrophils: cytoplasm with multi-lobed (3-5) nuclei Eosinophils: granular, bright eosinophilic cytoplasm, bi-lobed nucleus

Question 43

Where is the nucleus located in adipocytes?

Answer 43

Pushed to the side by cytoplasmic liquid

Question 44

What type of special stain dyes lipids, triglycerides, and some lipoproteins red?

Answer 44

Oil Red O