Histology Module 1 Introduction to Histology + Lab 1 Histology Flashcards
What type of dye is hematoxylin?
Basic
How does hematoxylin work?
Hematoxylin stains structures (nuclei, ribosome) containing acids blue/purple
What type of dye is eosin?
Acidic
How does eosin work?
Eosin stains structures containing protein pink
In an H&E stain, what color are nuclei?
Purple (hematoxylin)
In an H&E stain, what color is the cytoplasm?
Pink (eosin)
What is stained by the gram stain and what are the colors?
Bacteria (Gram positive - purple, Gram negative - red/pink, background - yellow)
What is stained by the periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) and what are the colors?
Fungi, glycogen, basement membranes (positive areas - bright pink; background - light pink)
What is stained by the Grocott methenamine silver stain (GMS) and what are the colors?
Fungi (black); background (green)
What is stained by the acid fast stain?
Mycobacteria, actinomyces (red), background - blue
What is an immunohistochemical stain (IHC) and what are the colors?
Use Ab to bind to Ag in tissues; this is conjugated to an enzyme that catalyzes a color reaction; background/negative - blue, positive - brown/red
What is the range of objectives in low power?
2x-10x
What is the range of objectives in high power?
20x-100x
Describe nuclei in a basic histology slide.
Round, more basophilic
Describe nucleoli in a basic histology slide.
Most basophilic within the cell
Describe apoptotic cells in a basic histology slide.
More pink/eosinophilic (degeneration of high acid-containing structures)
Describe mitosis in a basic histology slide.
Tangled, dark staining threads/dark blobs (high acid content of chromosomes), no nuclear membrane
What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue and what are the 3 descriptors to classify them?
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
- Simple
- Stratified
- Pseudo-stratified
What type of epithelial cells are flat and have abundant cytoplasm/
Squamous
What type of epithelia have cells of equal height, width, and depth?
Cuboidal
What type of epithelial cells are longer than they are wide?
Columnar
Which types of muscle are striated?
Skeletal and cardiac
Describe the nuclei of skeletal muscle.
Multiple, peripheral
Describe the nuclei of cardiac muscle.
Single, central
Describe the nuclei of smooth muscle.
Single, central
Which type of muscle has intercalated disks?
Cardiac
What is a collection of nerve fibers?
Fascicle
What surrounds a fascicle of nerve tissue?
Perinurium
Describe the architecture of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).
Connective: no defined boundary
Nervous: fascicles surrounded by perineurium
Smooth muscle: bundles surrounded by perimysium
Skeletal/cardiac: bundles surrounded by perimysium
Describe the tissue arrangement of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).
Connective: linear eosinophilic
Nervous: wavy eosinophilic
Smooth muscle: wavy eosinophilic
Skeletal/cardiac: linear eosinophilic
Which type of tissue has indistinct cell boards?
Connective tissue
Describe the cytoplasm of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).
Connective: uniform
Nervous: foamy
Smooth muscle: uniform
Skeletal/cardiac: striated
Which type of tissue has spindled nuclei (versus cigar-shaped)?
Nervous
Describe the distribution of nuclei of the four major types of tissue (connective, nervous, smooth muscle, skeletal/cardiac muscle).
Connective: evenly distributed within ECM
Nervous: center of cell
Smooth: center of cell
Skeletal/cardiac: periphery/center of cell
Why is cartilage pliable?
Perichondrium surrounds chondrocytes, which are trapped in lacunae
What is bone composed of?
Osteoblasts (edge of bone, produce matrix) and osteocytes (middle of bone)
What lines blood vessels?
Endothelial cells
Compare and contrast arteries and veins histologically.
Arteries are wider and surrounded by thicker smooth muscle; veins are flatter and have less prominent muscle layers
What are the characteristic cells seen in chronic inflammation?
- Lymphocytes
- Plasma cells
- Macrophages
NO NEUTROPHILS
Compare and contrast lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages histologically.
Lymphocytes: small, scant cytoplasm, central prominent nuclei
Plasma cells: more abundant cytoplasm, round, eccentrically-placed nucleus
Macrophages (histiocytes): larger, foamy cytoplasm, central nucleus
What are the characteristic cells seen in acute inflammation?
- Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
Compare and contrast neutrophils and eosinophils histologically.
Neutrophils: cytoplasm with multi-lobed (3-5) nuclei
Eosinophils: granular, bright eosinophilic cytoplasm, bi-lobed nucleus
Where is the nucleus located in adipocytes?
Pushed to the side by cytoplasmic liquid
What type of special stain dyes lipids, triglycerides, and some lipoproteins red?
Oil Red O
