L55 Addiction Flashcards
what is the criteria for diagnosing addition (dependence syndrome) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) #10?
Three or more of the following together at some time during the previous year:
• A strong desire … to take the substance
• Difficulties in controlling substance-taking behavior in terms
of its onset, termination, or levels of use
• A physiological withdrawal state when substance use has ceased …;; or use of the same … with the intention of relieving or avoiding withdrawal symptoms
• Evidence of tolerance, such that increased doses of the psychoactive substance are required …
• Progressive neglect of alternative pleasures or interests …
• Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of overtly harmful consequences …
what is the cause of dependence syndrome?
bio-psycho-social disease!
- twins studies raised separately
- children of alcoholics were more likely to develop alcoholism than children of non-alcoholics
what NT seems to be lacking (most likely genetic) in individuals with an addiction disease?
serotonin
what is the criteria of a Type I Addition according to Cloninger’s tridimensional personality theory
- novelty seeking
- harm avoidance
- reward dependence
low
high
high
what is the criteria of a Type 2 Addition according to Cloninger’s tridimensional personality theory
- novelty seeking
- harm avoidance
- reward dependence
high
low
low
what can activate the brain reward mechanism (ventral segmental dopamine system)?
- addictive substances
- electrical brain stimulation
what feelings does the NT dopamine induce?
euphoria or orgasm
all addictive substances are able to increase the activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ______ resulting in a release of ____
nucleus accumbens
dopamine
what does the ventral segmental area (VTA) communicate with that are all involved in motivation?
nucleus accumbens
striatum
frontal cortex
what is the name of a dopamine receptor blocker and what is its action
haloperidol - reduces the rewarding effect
what does the brain reward system play an important role in?
generating normal behavior like food and water intake or reproductive behavior
the mood-altering experience is _____
inerasable
what are the main effects of drugs?
sedative
hallucinogenic
stimulative
what are examples of sedatives?
- tetra-hydro-cannabinol
- alcohol
- benzodiazepine
- barbiturate
- opiate/opiod
what are examples of hallucinogens?
- magic mushrooms (psilocybin)
- ketamine
- LSD
- phencyclidine (angle dust)
- solvents