Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > L50 Hypothalamus + use L for labeled pics! > Flashcards

L50 Hypothalamus + use L for labeled pics! Flashcards

1
Q

define anhydrosis.

A

absence or deficiency of sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 5 basic processes that the hypothalamus controls?

A
  1. blood pressure and electrolyte composition
  2. temperature
  3. energy metabolism
  4. reproduction
  5. emergency responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 ways that the hypothalamus carries out its 5 control processes?

A
  1. autonomic function
  2. endocrine function
  3. motivation and behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

give an example how BP modulation via the 3 pathways used by the hypothalamus.

A
  • hypothalamus can influence ANS (SNS + PNS) to change BP via heart rate and contractility
  • endocrine output of the hypothalamus can modulate ADH release from post. pituitary to hang BP via kidney reabsorption
  • hypothalamus can influence motivational system to either sit and rest or engage in exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the hypothalamus maintains _______ within a narrow physiological window via its regulatory mechanisms even though our external environments have a wide range of variability.

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the endocrine function/chemical signaling of pheromones.

A

released by a species and travel through air to reach their target cell on another individual of that species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the endocrine function/chemical signaling of autocrine and paracrine.

A

provide feedback to the releasing cell itself

or provides feedback to its neighbors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the endocrine function/chemical signaling of endocrine.

A

release hormone into the blood to reach their target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the endocrine function/chemical signaling of neurons.

A

transmitter released onto target to elicit action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the endocrine function/chemical signaling of neuroendocrine.

A

a hybrid which released their neurohormone into the blood and they travel through the blood to target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are neuroendocrine chemical signaling pathways found and what are they connected to?

A

found in the hypothalamus

connected from the hypothalamus to the ant/post pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the relevant structures of the hypothalamus?

A

periventricular zone
medial zone
lateral zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is the periventricular zone?

A

adjacent to the 3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the medial zone contain?

A

most of the distinct nuclei of the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the lateral zone contain?

A

less defined nuclei but is rich in fiber tracts which connects the hypothalamus to other areas of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the boundaries of the hypothalamus?

A
  • anterior commissure (next to inter ventricular foramen)
  • lamina terminalis (closure of rostral neuropore)
  • optic chiasm
  • mamillary bodies
  • hypothalamus sulcus (continuation of sulcus limitans)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the nuclei of the anterior pituitary hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal pathway?

A

parvoventricular and arcuate nuclei

18
Q

what neurohormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A 
TSH
ACTH
LH
FSH
GH 
prolactin
beta endorphin

mneumonic - FLAT PEG

19
Q

what happens with a release of CRH?

A

causes a release of ACTH which acts on the adrenal cortex to release cortisol into the blood which acts on various target cells

20
Q

what happens with a release of TRH?

A

causes a release of TSH which cause the thyroid gland to secrete T3 and T4

21
Q

what happens with a release of GnRH?

A

causes release of LH and FSH which causes gametogeneic and sex steriof proaction in gonads

22
Q

what happens with a release of GHRH and inhibiting somatostatin?

A

causes a release of GH and causes linear growth

23
Q

what happens with a release of prolactin inhibiting hormone (DA)?

A

causes a release of prolactin which stimulates lactogenesis

24
Q

what are the nuclei in the posterior pituitary / hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal pathway?

A

paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus

25
Q

what neurohormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin

*note there are no regulatory hormones from the PP because it controlled under direct neuralgic connections

26
Q

what does release of ADH (vasopressin) cause?

A

vasoconstriction, water reabsorption in kidney

27
Q

what does release of oxytocin cause?

A

uterine contraction, milk ejection

28
Q

what does the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus do to feeding?

A

decreases feeding behavior

29
Q

what does the lateral hypothalamus do to feeding?

A

increases feeding behavior

mneumonic - “Late night Snack”
lateral = snacking

30
Q

what is the short term feedback mechanism for feeding in the hypothalamus?

A

blood glucose levels

31
Q

what is the long term feedback mechanism for feeding in the hypothalamus?

A

leptin - released from adipose will reach arcuate n. which sends inhibitory interneurons to the lateral hypothalamus to suppress eating!

32
Q

what are the 2 ways information is received by the brain to regulate water balance?

A

angiotensin - passes the BBB of the subfornical organ

vagus n. - sends BP info via mechani-sensitive endings in the heart

33
Q

how does the hypothalamus influence water conservation?

A

elicits the posterior pituitary to release ADH as a neuroendocrine signal on the kidney
it also send neuronal output to our motivation system controlling drinking behavior

34
Q

what does the anterior hypothalamus do in terms of regulating body temperature?

A

decreases body temperature

*also has temp sensitive cells to detect body temp changes which is integrated with somatosensory temp information

35
Q

what does the posterior hypothalamus do in terms of regulating body temperature?

A

increases body temperature

36
Q

how are changes in body temperature modulated by the hypothalamus?

A

temperature changes are induced via ANS which constrict/dilate vessels
also uses signals to motivational centers to seek warmer/cooler environments

37
Q

describe ventromedial hypothalamic syndrome (Frohlich syndrome).

A

disorder of caloric balance causing obesity attributed to damage of the ventromedial nucleus

38
Q

describe diabetes insipidus.

A

absence of ADH causes excessive thirst and urination

this may be due to a lesion of the supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei somewhere int he post. pituitary tract

39
Q

describe hypothermia.

A

due to lesions of the posterior hypothalamus leaving the anterior hypothalamus unopposed
this causes a decrease in metabolic rate and vasodilation resulting in decreased body temp

40
Q

describe hyperthermia.

A

due to lesion of the anterior hypothalamus leaving the posterior hypothalamus unopposed
this causes increase metabolic rate, shivering and vasoconstriction results in increase body temp

Neuroscience (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions