L53 Emotions

Question 1

Define emotion

Answer 1

any strong feeling state, such as excitement, distress, happiness, sadness, love, hate, fear or anger

Question 2

define affect

Answer 2

the external manifestation of emotions

Question 3

define flat affect

Answer 3

medical terms that describes a severe reduction in emotional expressiveness. This can include speaking in a monotonous voice, having diminished facial expressions and other manifestations of a defective emotional system.

Question 4

what did Hippocrates assume that a person’s temperament is based on?

Answer 4

balance between the 4 humors of the human body - blood, mucous, yellow bile, black bile

excess of one of these would make a person either courageous, dull, angry or sad

Question 5

describe the James-Lange Theory

Answer 5

emotional experience is induced by our somatic, autonomic and endocrine emotional expressions

“we feel happy because we smile”

apparently, new research shows that people who lack emotional experiences can still express emotions… but thats a load of crap.

Question 6

describe the cannon-bard theory

Answer 6

emotional experiences (what we remember) trigger the emotional response of our body

“our happiness is what makes us smile”

Question 7

What does Broca’s Limbic lobe consist of?

Answer 7

cingulate gyrus
subcallosal gyrus
isthmus parahippocampal gyrus
uncus

Question 8

the term “limbic lobe” has developed to be synonymous with the “_____”

Answer 8

emotional system

Question 9

who was the first to note marked any emotional outbursts from its with damage to their hippocampus and/or cingulate gyrus?

Answer 9

Papez

Question 10

What is Papez’s, “mechanism of emotion” based on?

Answer 10

based on Papez’s hippocampo-thalamo-cingulate-hippocampal circuit = Papez circuit

note-neither in favor of James-Lange nor Cannon-Bard theory

Question 11

MacLean added to Papez’s theory and incorporated the ____ and the ____ and it all combined to forms the Limbic system

Answer 11

cortex

amygdala

Question 12

It is widely accepted that the ____ shares input to the _____ and therefore directly influences somatic (behavioral), autonomic and endocrine responses

Answer 12

cortex

hypothalamus

Question 13

describe what happened to Phineas Gage

Answer 13

iron rod impailed through his head which destroyed his FRONTAL LOBE!

was respectable and then was nut job

Question 14

what was frontal lobotomy used to treat?

Answer 14

schizophrenia with uncontrolled behavior

.. the change in personality was unacceptable and is no longer practiced

Question 15

What is Kulver-Bucy syndrome?

Answer 15

bilateral removal/damage to anterior temporal lobe + amygdala = dramatic decrease in aggression + increase sexual drive

surgically done in monkeys and human pt have similar sx/sx

Question 16

what happens to scared rats who were trained to be scared when their amygdala was removed?

Answer 16

lost their fear response!

Question 17

what studies confirmed amygdalas role int he emotional system of fear?

Answer 17

fMRI studies

humans were shown smiley faces and sad faces
high level of activity in amygdala with looking at scared faces

low level of activity in amygdala with looking at happy faces!

Question 18

what produces input signal to the amygdala?

Answer 18

an emotionally competent sensory stimulus

the amygdala will then send output to illicit behavioral, autonomic and endocrine responses

Question 19

what brain structure has an shortcut during emergency situations?

Answer 19

amygdala

Question 20

what disorders fall under anxiety disorders?

Answer 20

panic disorders
OCD
PTSD
phobia
generalized anxiety disorder

Question 21

what are anxiety disorders attributed to?

Answer 21

anxiety disorders = hyperactive amygdala / hypoactive hippocampus

might also be due to decrease in benzodiazepine receptors in the frontal lobe

Question 22

what can temporal lobe tumors compromising the amygdala or its connections lead to

Answer 22

extreme aggression and hostility

Question 23

what are tumors of the hypothalamus often accompanies by?

Answer 23

spontaneous fits of anger or deep sadness

Question 24

describe psychomotor epilepsy

Answer 24

temporal lobe seizures with olfactory/gustatory hallucinations are followed by mood change (anxiety or lonliness)