L5 structure and development of the cardiovascular system

Question 1

what is the pericardium

Answer 1

connective tissue sheath that covers heart

Question 2

list the layers of the pericardium

Answer 2

1. outer fibrous
2. parietal pericardium (middle)
3. epicardium

Question 3

function of outer fibrous layer of pericardium

Answer 3

anchors heart to diaphragm

Question 4

function of parietal pericardium

Answer 4

middle layer of pericardium

lines inner surface of fibrous layer

Question 5

function of epicardium

Answer 5

innermost - has a fluid filled space between it and the pericardium which reduced friction

Question 6

function of fibrous skeleton of heart

Answer 6

1. separates atria from ventricles
2. support
3. separates flow of electrical impulses

Question 7

where do coronary arteries arise from

Answer 7

aortic sinuses

Question 8

how does blood enter coronary arteries from aortic sinus

Answer 8

when heart is relaxed blood backflows into sinus - coronary artery

Question 9

how is venous blood drained from heart

Answer 9

cardiac veins - great cardiac vein - coronary sinus - right atrium

Question 10

describe the atrioventricular valves

Answer 10

left - bicuspid

right - tricuspid

Question 11

name the two semilunar valves

Answer 11

aortic

pulmonary

Question 12

function of atrioventricular valves

Answer 12

prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria when heart contracts

Question 13

how do atrioventricular valves work

Answer 13

1. contraction of ventricles contracts papillary muscles
2. papillary muscles are attached to cords which are attached to cusps
3. cusps swing together preventing backflow

Question 14

how do semi lunar valves work

Answer 14

1. force of blood from ventricles opens valves

2. elastic recoil closes valves

Question 15

what valves rely on muscle contraction to close

Answer 15

AV

Question 16

what is order of blood flow in heart starting with body

Answer 16

body 
]      (superior&inferior vena cava)
right atrium 
]      (tricuspid AV)
right ventricle
]      (pulmonary SL valve)
pulmonary artery to lungs
]      (pulmonary vein)
left atrium
]      (bicuspid AV)
left ventricle
]      (aortic SL valve)  
aorta
]      
body