L12 - respiratory anatomy and histology Flashcards
1
Q
what cells line alveoli
A
type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes
2
Q
type 1 pneumocyte function
A
involved in gas exchange - line alveoli
3
Q
what epithelia are type 1 pneumocytes
A
squamous
4
Q
what epithelia are type 2 pneumocytes
A
cuboidal
5
Q
what type of pneumocyte is most abundant
A
1
6
Q
how are type 1 pneumocytes connected to eachother
A
tight junctions
7
Q
type 2 pneumocyte function
A
produce surfactant
8
Q
are type 1 or 2 pneumocytes bigger
A
2
9
Q
what two things increase thoracic volume
A
diaphragm
ribs
10
Q
explain inspiration at rest
A
- diaphragm contracts and flattens
- abdominals relax
- external intercostals contract pulling ribs up and out
increases thoracic vol, decreases pressure, air in
11
Q
explain expiration at rest
A
- diaphragm relaxes into dome shape
2. passive recoil of lungs expels air
12
Q
explain inspiration during exercise
A
- forceful diaphragm contraction
- accessory inspiratory muscles contract
- further outward expansion
13
Q
what are the accessory muscles
A
external intercostals
scalenes
etc
14
Q
explain expiration during exercise
A
- abdominals and diaphragm contract - rapid collapse of lungs
- internal intercostals contract pulling ribs down
15
Q
name the two pleural membranes
A
parietal (outer) visceral pleura (inner - covers lungs)
