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60 > L10 - structure & function of blood vessels and control of blood pressure > Flashcards

L10 - structure & function of blood vessels and control of blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

name the 3 layers of blood vessels

A
  1. tunica intima (inner)
  2. tunica media (middle)
  3. tunica adventitia (outer)
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2
Q

describe tunica intima

A

innermost layer of blood vessel

single layer of flattened endothelial cells

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3
Q

what lies under tunica intima (in bigger vessels)

A

subendothelial connective tissue layer

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4
Q

describe tunica media

A

middle layer

mostly smooth muscle

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5
Q

describe tunica adventitia

A

outer layer

mainly collagen and elastin fibres arranged longitudinally

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6
Q

where is internal elastic lamina located

A

in muscular arteries/arterioles beneath the subendothelial layer

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7
Q

where is external elastic lamina found

A

between the Tunica media and tunica adventitia

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8
Q

describe layers of blood vessels including connective layers

A 
Tunica intima 
subendothelial connective tissue
internal elastic lamina
tunica media 
external elastic lamina
tunica adventitia
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9
Q

is the TA thicker in arteries or veins?

A

veins

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10
Q

what happens to aorta &elastic arteries during systole

to withstand pressure

A

they expand so pressure doesnt increase too much

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11
Q

what happens to aorta &elastic arteries during diastole (to withstand pressure)

A

elastic recoil keeps arterial pressure from dropping too low

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12
Q

what is vasa vasorum and its function?

A

blood vessels that supply larger arteries with blood because larger arteries walls are to thick to rely on diffusion

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13
Q

order of arteries

A

aorta - elastic arteries - muscular arteries - arterioles - capillaries - post capillary venules - collecting venules - muscular venules - small veins - medium veins - large veins

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14
Q

describe structure of muscular arteries

A

thick tunica media

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15
Q

feature of muscular arteries

A

can constrict to direct blood flow

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16
Q

describe structure of arterioles

A

dont always have internal elastic lamina

very thin TA

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17
Q

feature of arterioles

A

can constrict/relax to alter blood flow

18
Q

what effect does reducing tube radius have
downstream
upstream

A

downstream - reduces flow and pressure

upstream - increases pressure

19
Q

define MABP

A

MABP = CO x TPR

20
Q

what is the main determinant of pulse pressure

A

CO

21
Q

what is the main determinant of diastolic blood pressure

A

TPR

22
Q

what happens to blood when it flows from arteries to arterioles

A

pressure in arterioles decreases
flow in decreases in arterioles
TPR in arterioles increases

23
Q

what reflex controls MABP short term

A

baroreceptor

24
Q

how do baroreceptors respond to increased b.p

A

increase APs

25
Q

how do baroreceptors respond to decreased b.p

A

decrease APs

26
Q

where are baroreceptor sensors

A

chemoreceptors in carotid sinus & aortic arch

27
Q

what are the effectors in the baroreceptor reflex and what nerves innervate them

A

SA node - vagus nerve and SNS nerves

arterioles - SNS nerves

28
Q

explain process of baroreceptor reflex

A
  1. increased MABP leads to increased baroreceptor APs
  2. signal sent to medulla via carotid sinus nerve
  3. decreased SNS to SA node/arterioles/heart muscle
  4. increased PSNS to SA node
  5. HR decreased
  6. reduced vasoconstriction
  7. reduced contractility
  8. reduced CO and TPR
  9. reduced MABP
29
Q

describe structure of capillaries

A

1 layer of endothelial cells

surrounded by pericytes

30
Q

function of pericytes

A

involved in contraction

31
Q

how is capillary specialised for gas exchange

A

thin walled for diffusion
large SA
slow blood flow

32
Q

name the 3 types of capillary

A

continuous
discontinuous
fenestrated

33
Q

features of continuous capillaries and where theyre found

A

continuous basal lamina, no gaps between cells

brain, muscle, thymus, bone, lung

34
Q

features of discontinuous capillaries and examples of where they’re found

A

large gaps between endothelial cells and discontinuous basal lamina

liver, spleen (blood needs to be close contact with tissues)

35
Q

features of fenestrated capillaries

A

many gaps between cells but continuous basal lamina

36
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found

A

tissues where fluid is being transported (filtration)

kidney , villi

37
Q

what are the two pressures acting on capillaries

A

capillary osmotic pressure - forcing fluid out

plasma protein osmotic pressure - water follows in

38
Q

describe baroreceptor reflex in veins

A
  1. SNS and NA constrict veins when MABP decreases
  2. increase in venous pressure
  3. helps push blood back up to heart
  4. improved venous return
39
Q

features of lymph vessels

A

1 cell thick

valves

40
Q

what are the main lymph channels

A

thoratic duct

lymphatic duct

60 (27 decks)

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