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60 > L16 - respiratory physiology - transport and exchange of gasses > Flashcards

L16 - respiratory physiology - transport and exchange of gasses Flashcards

1
Q

what is daltons law

A

the individual pressure of a gas in a mixture is its partial pressure

sum of partial pressures = total pressure

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2
Q

what is henrys law

A

gasses diffuse from high partial pressure to low partial pressure

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3
Q

how much o2 is consumed by tissues per min

A

250ml

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4
Q

how much CO2 is produced by tissues per min

A

200ml

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5
Q

what is the respiratory quotient

A

o2 consumed

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6
Q

CO at rest

A

5L/min

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7
Q

Va at rest
total air
oxygen only

A

4.2L/min

882

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8
Q

what is PO2 at the alveoli

A

13.3

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9
Q

what is PO2 in tissues

A

5.3

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10
Q

what factors affect rate of diffusion

A

Partial pressure difference
diffusion barrier thickness & permeability
solubility of gas in water

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11
Q

what is PCO2 in tissues

A

6.1

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12
Q

what is PCO2 in alveoli

A

5.3

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13
Q

what is systemic PO2

A

12.5

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14
Q

what is systemic CO2

A

5.3

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15
Q

why doesnt systemic PO2 = Alveolar PO2

A
  1. anatomical right to left shunt

2. partial draining of coronary venous blood into LV

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16
Q

explain anatomical right to left shunt

A

deoxygenated bronchial vein blood mixes with oxygenated pulmonary vein blood

17
Q

define % saturation

A

%of O2 binding sites on Hb , bound to O2

18
Q

define O2 content

A

sum of gas present in blood (bound to HB and dissolved in plasma)

19
Q

define max O2 carrying capacity

A

amount of O2 blood is capable of carrying when Hb is 100% saturated

20
Q

why do we need haemoglobin

A

for dissolved oxygen alone CO would have to be 83L/min to supply tissues with sufficient O2

21
Q

what factors affect binding of O2 to Hb

A

PO2 & co - operativity
PCO2 (pH)
temperature
2, 3 diphosphoglycerate

22
Q

what is the normal shape of the o2 Hb dissociation curve

A

sigmoidal

23
Q

explain cooperativity of Hb

A

binding of each successive O2 increases affinity of remaining binding sites

release of O2 causes release of O2 from the other binding sites

24
Q

what is 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

A

product of glycolysis that accumulates when o2 supply isn’t sufficient

25
Q 
what effect does increased 
   PCO2 
   temp 
   [2,3 DPG] 
and decreased
   pH 
have on the O2 Hb dissociation curve
A

causes a right shift - decreased affinity of oxygen so oxygen dissociates

26
Q

define oxygenation

A

the binding of oxygen to Hb binding sites

27
Q 
what effect does decreased
   PCO2 
   [2,3 DPG]
   temp
and increased 
   pH 
have on the O2 Hb dissociation curve
A

shift to right, higher affinity for oxygen so it wont dissociate in tissues

28
Q

explain the effects of anaemia on oxygen transport

A
  1. reduced no. of rbc
    reduced Hb
  2. reduced O2 carrying capacity
  3. mild tissue hypoxia
29
Q

effects of anaemia on O2 Hb dissociation curve

A

flatter version of normal - not as high

30
Q

explain the effects of CO poisoning on oxygen transport

A
  1. CO binds to Hb at higher affinity than O2
  2. fewer O2 binding sites available
    disrupts cooperativity (O2 that binds doesn’t
    dissociate)
  3. severe hypoxia
31
Q

effects of CO poisoning on O2 Hb dissociation curve

A

no longer sigmoidal

lower and flatter

32
Q

how is CO2 transported in blood

A

HCO3
carbamino compounds (on Hb)
dissolved in plasma

33
Q

what enzyme speeds up the CO2 - HCO3 reaction

A

carbonic anhydrase

34
Q

what is the haldane effect

A

deoxy Hb promotes the uptake of CO2 by RBCs better than oxygenated Hb due to
haldane effect A
haldane effect B

35
Q

what mechanisms favour the forward reaction of CO2 - HCO3

A

H+ binds to deoxy Hb (removing H+)

HCO3 leaves via chloride shift

36
Q

what is the haldane effect A

A

H+ binds to deoxy Hb (removing H+)

favouring the forward reaction of CO2 - HCO3

37
Q

what is the haldane effect B

A

deoxy Hb more readily forms carbamino compounds with CO2 than oxy Hb does

38
Q

what is hypocapnia

A

drop in PaCO2
increased pH

respiratory alkalosis

39
Q

what is hypercapnia

A

increase in PaCO2
decrease in pH

respiratory acidosis

60 (27 decks)

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