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60 > L28 - control of GI secretion > Flashcards

L28 - control of GI secretion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the major body secretory systems

A
  1. salivary glands
  2. stomach
  3. pancreas
  4. bile system
  5. intestine
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2
Q

define endocrine

define exocrine

A

secretion into blood

secretion into GI lumen

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3
Q

name the 3 salivary glands

A
  1. parotid gland
  2. submandibular gland
  3. sublingual gland
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4
Q

describe composition of parotid gland secretion

A

serous (watery)

high amylase

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5
Q

describe composition of submandibular gland secretion

A

serous & mucous

high [lysozyme]

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6
Q

describe composition of sublingual gland secretion

A

mainly mucus

some serous

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7
Q

describe general composition of saliva

A 
water
mucins (glycoproteins)
lysozymes
amylase
lipase
cells
calcium phosphate
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8
Q

what are mucins

A

glycoproteins

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9
Q

what cells secrete initial saliva and where

A

acinar cells in the acinus (bottom of gland)

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10
Q

what is the ionic composition of primary saliva

A 
Na
Cl 
K 
HCO3
amylase
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11
Q

where does modification of the ionic content of saliva occur

A

intercalated duct

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12
Q

what is reabsorbed from the primary saliva

A

Na

Cl

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13
Q

what is further secreted into/remains in the primary saliva

A

K

HCO3

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14
Q

what happens to saliva composition when flow rate is increased

A

less time to modify / reabsorb /secrete

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15
Q

what controls flow rate?

A

neuronal input

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16
Q

what controls saliva secretion

A

PNS and SNA - salivary centres in medulla

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17
Q

what stimulates saliva secretion

A

smell & sight of food

pressure & taste receptors in mouth

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18
Q

does PSNS or SNS have greater effect on salivary secretion

A

PSNS

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19
Q

what type of saliva is stimulated by
PSNS
SNS

A

serousy

mucousy

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20
Q

list the functions of saliva (5)

A
  1. lubrication (aids speech and swallowing)
  2. protection (cooling, antimicrobial)
  3. taste (dissolves food)
  4. maintenance of teeth (alkaline pH prevents decay)
  5. digestion (amylase, lipase)
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21
Q

list the gastric secretions

A
  1. HCL
  2. Pepsin
  3. lipase
  4. mucus & HCO3
  5. intrinsic factor
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22
Q

function of HCL (gastric secretion)

A

optimum pH for stomach enzymes
dissolves food
kills bacteria

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23
Q

what is pepsins optimum pH

what is its function

A

2-3

digestion of proteins

24
Q

function of mucus and HCO3 gastric secretion

A

forms a layer around stomach wall protecting cells from degradation

25
function of intrinsic factor gastric secretion
aids vitamin b12 absorption
26
what factors control HCL secretion into stomach
increasing : will increase secretion ACh (neuronal) Gastrin (endocrine) histamine (paracrine) decreasing : will increase secretion somatostatin (endocrine) secretin (endocrine)
27
what is alkaline tide and its purpose
1. Cl is extracted from blood (at stomach) so it can be secreted as HCL 2. HCO3 replaces this lost Cl- in the blood 3. this makes the blood here more alkaline
28
what cells secrete HCL
gastric parietal cells
29
what receptors are found on gastric parietal cells
Histamine ACh Gastrin
30
what are the phases of gastric secretion in order
1. cephalic phase 2. gastric phase 3. intestinal phase
31
what is secreted by the pancreas
digestive enzymes HCO3 water
32
what is function of HCO3 secreted by pancreas
neutralises chyme
33
list the digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas and what they degrade
amylase - polysaccharides lipase - fats ribonuclease/deoxyribonuclease - nucleic acids trypsin/chymotrypsin/carboxypeptidase - proteins
34
how are degradative enzymes stored in the pancreas
as inactive forms (zymogens)
35
what pancreatic cells secrete HCO3 and mucin and what stimulates them to do so
Centroacinar (epithelial) cells | secretin
36
what does secretin stimulate the secretion of from the pancreas
HCO3 and mucin
37
what effect does high rate of secretion (flow rate) have on pancreatic juice composition
will mainly contain Na and HCO3
38
what is secreted from the fundus of stomach
lipase
39
what is secreted from the antrum of stomach
mucus pepsinogen gastrin
40
what is secreted from body of stomach
mucus pepsinogen HCL
41
what is secreted from the chief cells of gastric glands
pepsinogen | lipase
42
what is secreted from enteroendocrine cells of gastric glands
gastrin | somatostatin
43
what is secreted from parietal cells of gastric glands
HCL | intrinsic factor
44
what effect does low rate of secretion (flow rate) have on pancreatic juice composition
will mainly contain Na and Cl
45
what stimulates pancreatic secretion
secretin cholecystokinin (CCK) PSNS
46
when is secretin released
in response to H+ in duodenum
47
when is CCK released
in response to fats and AA in duodenum
48
what stimulates PSNS to increase pancreatic secretion
stomach and duodenum distension
49
what inhibits pancreatic secretion
somatostatin
50
describe bile composition
``` bile salts lecithin HCO3- cholesterol bile pigments trace metals ```
51
what blood waste materials are found in bile
cholesterol trace metal bile pigments
52
what is the function of bile salts and lecithin
fat digestion
53
how is bile secretion regulated
1. when food is in the SI the bile duct opens (under hormonal control via CCK) 2. bile released into SI
54
what hormone regulates bile secretion
cholecystokinin (CCK)
55
how is the release of pancreatic bicarbonate into the duodenum stimulated
1. H+ in duodenum stimulates secretin | 2. secretin stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate

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