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60 > L27 - GI tract microanatomy > Flashcards

L27 - GI tract microanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oesophagus

A

Stratified squamous non keratinising epithelium

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2
Q

What do the oesophageal glands in the submucosa secrete

A

An equal amount of serous and mucus

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3
Q

what epithelium lines stomach

A

simple columnar

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4
Q

shape of gastric glands (stomach)

A

compound tubular

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5
Q

what do glands of the gastro-oesophageal junction secrete and what is the function of these secretions

A

mucus

coats stomach with protective layer

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6
Q

how many types of gastric glands

what are their names

A

3
gastric glands
brunners glands
gland of crypt of lieberkuhn

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7
Q

what are folds in the gastric mucosa called and what is their function

A

rugae

accumulate different volumes

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8
Q

what do gastric glands of stomach secrete

A

hcl
mucus
zymogen granules

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9
Q

visual characteristics of parietal cells

A

rounded
central nucleus
pink (eosinophilic)

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10
Q

what do stomach parietal cells secrete

A

HCL

intrinsic factor

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11
Q

function of intrinsic factor

A

aids vitamin b12 absorption

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12
Q

visual characteristics of chief cells

A

speckled (zymogen granules)

purple (basophilic)

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13
Q

what colour do chief cells stain

what colour do parietal cells stain

A

purple

pink

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14
Q

what layer are stomach glands in

A

mucosa

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15
Q

what layer are crypts of L found in

A

lamina propria (mucosa)

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16
Q

example of specialisation of duodenum epithelial cells and what it does

A

microvilli to increase SA

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17
Q

what do brunners glands (of duodenum ) secrete

A

thin alkaline mucus

secretin into crypts

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18
Q

function of the crypts of Lieberkuhn?

A
  1. release protective enzymes (paneth cells)
  2. secrete hormones (enteroendocrine cells)
  3. cell replacement (stem cells) (MAINLY)
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19
Q

what are folds of mucosa of small intestine called and what is their function

A

plica circulares

increase SA

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20
Q

why does colon contain many goblet cells

A

Lubrication to ease passage of semi solid waste material

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21
Q

What is the function of the lymphoid tissue in the colon

A

inflammatory response

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22
Q

in what regions can glands be sometimes found in submucosa

A

oesophagus and duodenum

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23
Q

what parts of the tract have no glands in the submucosa

A

stomach
ilium
jejunum

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24
Q

what are the 5 phases of the GI tract

A
  1. ingestion
  2. fragmentation
  3. digestion
  4. absorption
  5. elimination
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25
Q

name the 4 layers of the GI tract

A
  1. mucosa (lumen)
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa (/propria)
  4. adventitia (outer)
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26
Q

what are the 3 layers of the mucosa

A
  1. specialised surface epithelium (innermost)
  2. lamina propria
  3. muscularis mucosae (outer, in contact with submucosa)
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27
Q

describe the lamina propria

A

loose connective tissue
contains blood and lymph vessels
contains nerve fibres
contains smooth muscle

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28
Q

what does the epithelium of the mucosa layer rest on?

A

basal lamina

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29
Q

describe the muscularis mucosae

A

thin double layer of smooth muscle

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30
Q

what is the muscularis mucosae SM controlled by?

A

Meissner’s (submucosal) plexus (PNS)

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31
Q

what are the roles of the mucosa epithelium in different parts of the body?

A

protective - mouth/pharynx/oesophagus/anal canal
secretory - stomach
absorptive - SI
absorptive&protective - LI

32
Q

describe the structure (and components) of the submucosa

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • contains blood vessels
  • contains nerves which form the Meissner’s (submucosal) plexus
  • contains leukocytes
  • contains variable amounts of lipids

-glands in oesophagus

33
Q

where is the Meissner’s plexus located

A

submucosa

34
Q

how is the submucosa of the oesophagus and duodenum different to the rest of the GI tract

A

can contain glands

35
Q

describe the structure of the muscularis externa

A

2 thick SM layers

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal
36
Q

how does the structure of the muscularis externa differ in the stomach from the rest of GI tract

A

has 3 layers in the stomach rather than 2

37
Q

what is found between the two layers of the muscularis externa

A

(auerbachs) myenteric plexus.

38
Q

function of the muscularis externa

A

responsible for peristaltic waves

39
Q

describe adventitia structure

A

thin connective tissue continuous with surrounding organs

40
Q

what epithelium is the adventitia and what is its correct name

A

simple squamous

mesothelium

41
Q

function of mesothelium

A

bounds adventitia to cavity

42
Q

how does the muscularis externa differ down the oesophagus

A

starts as skeletal then gradually smooth as initiation of swallowing is voluntary

43
Q

how does epithelium change from the oesophagus to the stomach

A

stratified squamous to simple squamous to simple columnar

44
Q

what are the layers of muscularis externa in the stomach

A
  1. oblique layer (inner, in contact with stomach contents)
  2. circular layer
  3. outer longitudinal layer
45
Q

name the 3 regions of the stomach

A

fundus (food first arrives)
body
antrum

46
Q

properties of the cardia mucosa

A

mucous secreting

few glands

47
Q

properties of the fundus/body mucosa

A

densely packed glands secreting mucus, gastric juice, acid and enzymes

48
Q

what is secreted from glands in the fundus

A

mucus
acid
gastric lipase

49
Q

properties of the pyloric mucosa

A

deep gastric pits
mucus secreting glands
endocrine glands secreting gastrin

50
Q

how are gastric pits formed and what are they connected to

A

invaginations of the epithelium

glands

51
Q

what cells types are found in gastric pits and glands?

A
  1. surface mucus cells
  2. mucus neck cells
  3. stem cells
  4. endocrine cells
  5. parietal cells
  6. chief cells
52
Q

function of gastric surface mucus cells

A

secrete mucus and bicarbonate to protect from stomach acid

53
Q

where are gastric mucous neck cells located and what do they do

A

upper parts of the gastric glands

secrete mucus

54
Q

where are gastric stem cells located

A

neck region of gland

55
Q

function of gastric endocrine cells in glands

A

secrete gastrin + somatostatin (hormones)

56
Q

where in the gastric gland are parietal cells located and what are their function

A

throughout the gland

  1. make and secrete HCL
  2. secrete intrinsic factor
57
Q

where in gastric glands are chief cells located and what is their function

A 
lower regions
secrete zymogens (enzymes) in response to gastrin
58
Q

what layer of the SI would you find plicae circularis

A

mainly mucosa sometimes submucosa

59
Q

what is found on the plicae circularis?

A

villi which have a brush border or microvilli

60
Q

what surface epithelium do villi have

A

simple columnar

61
Q

what is found within villi

A

goblet cells
endocrine cells
blood vessels
micrvilli lining

62
Q

what lines microvilli

A

glycocalyx coating - wherever there is no cilia

63
Q

in what layer of the duodenum are brunners glands

A

submucosa

64
Q

what cells are found in the crypts of L

A

stem cells
paneth cells
enteroendocrine cells

65
Q

where are crypts of L located

A

between villi

from pyloric mucosa of stomach to colon

66
Q

where are paneth cells located and what is their function

A

lower 1/3 of crypt

release protective enzymes to destroy bacteria

67
Q

how are enteroendocrine cells stimulated and what do their hormones stimulate

A

by acidic chyme from stomach

enzyme secretion
release of bile from gall bladder

68
Q

what part of the SI has the tallest villi

A

jejunum

69
Q

order of large intestine

A 
caecum 
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon 
rectum 
anal canal
70
Q

what is different about the muscularis externa layer of the colon

A

the outer longitudinal layer has 3 bands called tenia coli for powerful peristalsis of solid faeces

71
Q

role of the muscularis mucosae in the colon

A

prevents clogging of glands and helps mucus expulsion

72
Q

how do the no. of goblet cells increase throughout the GI tract

A

increase towards rectum

73
Q

what epithelium in anal canal

A

stratified squamous

74
Q

where are peyers patches found

A

musosa (lumen) of ileum mainly

75
Q

function of peyers patches

A

removal of pathogens

76
Q

what are peyers patches

A

bulging lymphoid follicles

77
Q

what is MALT and where is it found

A

mucus associated lymphoid tissue

in mucosa layer

60 (27 decks)

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