L4 Histocompatibility complex and antigen presentation Flashcards
List 3 professional antigen
presenting cells (APCs)
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B-cells
What unites microbial fragments in antigen presentation
glycoproteins – major histocompatibility (MHC) proteins and presented at the cell surface
MHC-microbe specific peptides present what to trigger what?
The MHC-microbe-specific peptide complex will then be presented to T lymphocytes, triggering adaptive immune responses
T-cells only see what
peptides in context of MHC molecoles
MHC prime t-cells
MHC activate t-cells
T lymphocytes only see peptides on what condition
T lymphocytes can see only peptide fragments of protein antigens, and only when these peptides are displayed on host cell surfaces bound to MHC molecules
T cell–mediated immune responses is generated only against protein antigens that are either produced in or taken up by what?
host cells
what do Naive T lymphocytes see to initiate clonal expansion and differentiation
Naive T lymphocytes see protein antigens presented by dendritic cells to initiate clonal expansion and differentiation of the T cells into effector and memory cells
Histo- meaning
tissue
What is the Major Histocompatibility
Complex?
▪ Collection of genes encoding proteins that enable the host to distinguish self and non-self
▪ MHC molecules were first discovered as proteins encoded by the murine MHC locus involved in graft rejection - hence histo (tissue) compatibility (to get along)
▪ The MHC complex includes more than 200 genes and have many possible variations
What are some transplants rejected?
Transplantation of cells or tissues from one individual to a genetically nonidentical individual invariably leads to rejection of the transplant because of adaptive immune responses.
Molecules responsible for transplants rejected?
MHC molecules that bind and present peptides to T cells.
Heterozygous individuals will pass down MHC to offspring explain probaility
offspring will receive one of four possible combinations of the parental MHC haplotypes. Siblings are also likely to differ in the MHC alleles they express, there being 1/4 chance that an individual will share both haplotypes with a sibling.
Percentage for siblings to have matching MHC haplotypes
25%
Haplotype
a set of DNA variants along a single chromosome that tend to be inherited together.
What genes are polygenic and highly polymorphic
MHC
The human MHC region is also called the
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
Can individuals present and respond to different microbial peptides
Yes