L26

Question 1

Prevalence

Answer 1

Number of people infectedin a populated at a specific time no matter when the disease began. Depends on incidence rate and duration of illness.

Question 2

Incidence

Answer 2

number of new cases of a disease during a specific period in a population at risk for developing the disease.

Question 3

Prevalence is essentially a snapshot of the disease burden in a population at a given moment, while incidence reflects the rate at which new cases are appearing.

Question 4

Outbreak

Answer 4

a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a defined community, geographical area, or season.

Sometimes, a single case may be considered an outbreak (e.g., plague); some outbreaks are expected yearly (e.g., influenza).

Question 5

Endemic

Answer 5

Amount of a certain disease usually present in a community (ross river virus)

Question 6

Epidemic

Answer 6

rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period.

Question 7

pandemic

Answer 7

disease over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people. COVID-19 is an example of a pandemic.

Question 8

Re-emerging infectious diseases

Answer 8

diseases that once were major health problems globally or in a particular country and then declined dramatically. coming back again

Question 9

What factors influence the definitions of emerging or reemerging infectious diseases?

Answer 9

■ Introduction of pathogens into new geographical areas
■ Deterioration of public health infrastructure
■ Antibiotic resistance
■ New identified dieases
■ Manipulation of pathogens for intentional harm

Question 10

Emerging infectious diseases

Answer 10

diseases that have not occurred in humans before or that have occurred previously but affected only small numbers of people in isolated places. Most emerging infectious diseases are caused by zoonotic pathogens.

Question 11

Coronavirus are large family of what type?

Answer 11

RNA (envaloped and +sense)
Nidovirales with four genera

Aplha, beta, gamma, delta

Question 12

Pathogen spill over to humans

Answer 12

3 Processes:
–Zoonoes
–Emergin infectious disease
– zooanthrponosis
–Virus evolves to not be dependant on animal or human host.

Question 13

Control

Answer 13

Break chain of infection with
–Social distancing
–Dustruction of reservoirs and vectors
–Treatment of water - reduce contamination
–Therapy reduce infectivity of individual
–Immunisation (reduce ppl susceptible)

Question 14

Herd immuntiy

Answer 14

–Percentage of pop immunity
–disease reemerge - no escalation bc ppl are vaccinated or previous exposure
–protect ppl without vaccine by reducing spread
– Depend on infectiousness and effectivenet of virus and vaccine