L11 viruses and their diseases Flashcards
Herpesviruses general
- Family Herpesviridae
- Large dsDNA genomes encoding 100-200 genes, T=16
- All herpesviruses are enveloped icosahedral viruses
- 9 different Herpesviruses that infect mammals:
- Herpes Simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1/HSV-2)
- Varicella zoster (VZV)
- Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
- Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
Alpha subfamily of herpesvirus
HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV
beta and gamma subfamilies of herpesvirus
- Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
- Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
HSV-1 causes
cold sores
Herpes simplex virus
- Involves oral mucosua and lips
- 1st infection can cause herpes gingivostomatitis
- Primary infection no symptoms
- Has latent state in trigeminal ganglia
- Reactivated by stress
- Can cause encephalitis
Herpes simplex virus latent state
- First infection can cause herpes gingivostomatitis; most primary infections don’t produce symptoms
- Following the primary infection, virus persists in a latent state in trigeminal ganglia and is then reactivated by trauma, fatigue, sunlight, emotional stress
Herpes simplex virus type 1
- Herpes labialis, the cold sore, is a recurrence of the first or primary infection
- Previously, most cold sores associated with HSV-1 infection; now by HSV-2
- *Herpetic whitlow *is HSV infection of fingers and thumbs that is very painful
- Most often it is caused by autoinoculation, secondary to genital herpes and health care workers exposed to patients with HSV lesions
Herpes simplex virus type 2
- associated with genital herpes
- Infects epithelial cells of external genitalia, urethra, cervix, rectum and adjacent skin
- Virus transmitted to newborns during delivery (neonatal herpes)
- Can result in blindness and neurological disease in babies. Caesarian delivery recommended for HSV-2-infected pregnant women with active disease
Cycle of infection for Herpse
- Initial infection
- Latency
- Reactivation
- Transmission
Initial infection herpse
After primary infection, viruses remain latent in the sacral plexus of the spinal cord
latency herpes
As is the case for HSV-1, the virus does not replicate, viral genes are not expressed, and host cell does not die.
Reactivation of herpes
Reactivation can occur without symptoms, and host is infectious (also the case with HSV-1).
Transmission of herpse
Virus enters host via break in skin or mucous membranes, especially during sexual contact.
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) symptoms and receptor
- VZV causes 2 main syndromes: Varicella (chickenpox) and Zoster (shingles)
- mannose-6-phosphate
¾ VZV infection is acquired by the ____ route
respiratory (airborne)