L33: Rhabdoviridae (Romero) Flashcards
4 genera of Rhabdoviridae family
Lyssavirus (ie. rabies)
Ephemerovirus (bovine ephemeral fever)
Vesiculovirus (vesicular stomatitis virus)
Novirhabdovirus (ie. viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus)
Rhabdovirus structure and general chars.
- enveloped
- bullet-shaped
- ssRNA
- matures by budding through cell membrane
- vesicular stomatitis virus produces in cell cultures while rabies does not
rabies virus general chars.
- in family lyssavirus (genera Rhabdoviridae)
- 30,000 people vaccinated q yer after potential exposure**
transmission of rabies virus
- bite of rabid animals most common
- aerosol transmission in bat caves may be possible
- infected tissue transplant
Epidemiology of rabies
- grouped into genotypes based on sequencing, monoclonal Ab reactivity
- phylogenetic analyses can identify which species virus originated
2 clinical forms of Rabies
Furious
Dumb/Paralytic
Signs of Furious rabies
- restless, nervous, aggression
- bites at anyone
- pharyngeal paralysis
- excessive salivation
- fear of light/sound
- progresses to dumb rabies, seizure, coma, resp. arrest, death
Rabies vaccination**
- numerous vax available
- very effective b/c of the delay b/w initial replication in muscle cells and entry into the nervous system**
Dx of rabies**
- presence of Negri bodies in neurons (only reliable if positive!)**
- immunofluorescence of frozen brain sections has better sensitivity (GOLD STANDARD)**
- RT-PCR
control of Rabies in US
-by killed vaccine only in the US**
Vesicular stomatitis virus belongs to what genus/family?
Genus: Rhabdoviridae
Family: Vesiculovirus
Vesicular stomatitis virus general chars.
- dz in cattle, horse, pigs
- can be confused with foot and mouth disease
- lameness in horses, swine
- production losses in cattle, swine
Does Foot and Mouth disease virus infect horses?**
NO
geographical distribution of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
- restricted to western hemisphere
- New Jersey VSV most common and widespread
- Indiana VSV less common but similar spread
transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus
- biting insects
- sand flies transmit VSV transovarially and may maintain VSV enzootic**
- virus hardy, persists in env.