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Virology (Fall 2014) > L20: Herpesviruses (Waltzek) > Flashcards

L20: Herpesviruses (Waltzek) Flashcards

1
Q

herpesvirus structure

A
  • conserved morphology
  • dsDNA
  • icosahedral capsid
  • tegument (b/w capsid and envelope)
  • ENVELOPED
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2
Q

herpesvirus disease characteristics

A
  • NUCLEAR INCLUSIONS
  • host specific**; rare zoonosis
  • persist in host for life in latent state!
  • Recrudesce under stress = lifelong shedding
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3
Q

DNA viruses form inclusions of nucleus***

RNA viruses form inclusions of cytoplasm***

A

:)

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4
Q

Where do alphaherpesviruses hide?***

A

in neurons

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5
Q

Name 3 diseases caused by Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV1)

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV)
Infectious Pustular Balanoposthitis (IPB)

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6
Q

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) chars.

A
  • caused by BHV1
  • ranges from mild to fatal dz
  • CS: dyspnic, febrile, necrotic mucosal lesions, abortion
  • component of Shipping Fever Complex**
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7
Q

Shipping Fever Complex

A
  • effects young calves
  • caused by many viral and bacterial etiologies including IBR
  • CS variable: depression, loss of appetite, coughing, d, sudden death
  • Tx: supportive care, abx, +/- anti-inflammatories
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8
Q

BHV1 associated ocular lesions

A
  • conjunctivitis
  • corneal keratitis and ulceration
  • assoc. with “cancer eye”
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9
Q

BHV1 infection chars.

A
  • death in young calves
  • abortion follows from RESPIRATORY, not genital infection
  • mastitis can be assoc.
  • not zoonotic
  • detect virus by virus isolation
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10
Q

Is BHV1 zoonotic?

A

No

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11
Q

Control/Preventrion of BHV1

A

various vaccine

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12
Q

Name 2 diseases caused by bovine herpesvirus 2?

A

Bovine mammillitis

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease

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13
Q

Bovine Herpesvirus 2 chars.

A
  • CS: mild inflammation to ulcers on teats/udder, mastitis
  • not as severe as true Lumpy Skin disease
  • transmitted direct contact, insect vector
  • tx: supportive care
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14
Q

disease caused by pseudorabies virus

A

Pseudorabies (Mad Itch, Aujeszky’s Disease)

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15
Q

Pseudorabies pathogenesis (in pigs)

A
  • replicates in upper respiratory tract
  • can spread to brain via nerves**
  • virus shed from nose
  • goes into latency!**
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16
Q

alphaherpesvirus that causes disease in domestic animals. Key characteristic?

A 
Bovine herpesvirus 1,2
Pseudorabies
Equine herpesvirus 1,3,4
Canine herpesvirus 1
Feline herpesvirus 1
Avian herpesvirus 1,2
*can ascend from neurons into the brain*
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17
Q

epidemiology of pseudorabies

A
  • pigs reservoirs
  • mainly airborne spread
  • can be transmitted sexually, via milk
  • activated by stress
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18
Q

CS of pseudorabies in pigs

A

2 wks old: anorexia, CNS signs, dyspnea, 5-25% mortality

Adults: varying signs: anorexia, abortion, incoordination, resp. symptoms, etc.

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19
Q

Control of Pseudorabies**

A
  • modified live and recombinant vaccines prevent disease but not infection with field strains
  • serology can determine if animal was vaccinated or naturally infected
  • US eradicating it with gene deleted vaccines
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20
Q

drawback of live attenuated vaccines

A

serology can’t determine if you have disease or have been vaccinated; gene-deleted vaccines are helping with this

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21
Q

Pseudorabies in cattle, sheep, cats, dogs all can present with these common signs:

A
  • sudden death
  • intense pruritis (“Mad Itch”)
  • self mutilation
  • dead end hosts; contract from contact with pigs
  • convulsions
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22
Q

Equine herpesvirus 4 causes what disease?

A

Rhinopneumonitis

23
Q

Equine Rhinopneumonitis incidence, CS

A

(caused by EHV-4)

  • worldwide
  • CS: nasal d/c, anorexia, lymphadenopathy, 2ary bact. infection, cough
24
Q

EHV-1 causes what disease?

A

equine abortion/myeloencephalitis

25
Q

EHV-1 incidence, etiology, path.

A
  • worldwide
  • causes abortion, neuro dz
  • replicates in upper resp. tract
  • can invade fetus
26
Q

EHV-1 CS

A

same as EHV-4 (resp. signs) plus: abortion, ascending neurological disease*, death

27
Q

Dx of EHV1 and 4

A
  • CS
  • Necropsy findings such as intranuclear inclusions, petechia
  • Virus isolation
  • Serology (ELISA)
  • histopath
  • PCR
  • IFA
28
Q

Prevention of EHV1 and 4

A
  • vax (efficacy questionable): reduces CS only

- quarantine and hygiene

29
Q

what disease does EHV-3 cause?

A

equine coital exanthema

30
Q

coital exanthema chars. (all)

A

(caused by EHV-3)

  • worldwide
  • often subclinical; causes local superficial infection only**
  • CS: vesicles on skin of vulva or penis, depigmented areas, +/- 2ary bacterial infection
  • venereal trans.
  • Tx: sexual rest, topical abx
  • no vax available
31
Q

Canine herpesvirus 1 causes what disease?

A

hemorrhagic disease of pups

32
Q

epidemiology and transmission of canine herpesvirus

A
  • worldwide
  • common in feral dogs or dogs w/ high contact to other dogs
  • deadly in very young puppies, mild in older puppies***
33
Q

CS of canine herpesvirus

A
  • puppies: depression, restlessness, hypothermia, hemorrhage**, hepatomegaly, CNS signs, etc.
  • adults: asymptomatic, mild resp. signs, or infection of repro tract
34
Q

what kind of inclusions in canine herpesvirus?

A

intranuclear

35
Q

Tx/prevention of canine herpesvirus

A
  • tx: supportive care
  • prevent: vaccination not available in U.S.
  • antiserum, isolation, disinfect, remove puppies via C-section
36
Q

Feline herpesvirus 1 causes what disease?

A

Feline viral rhinotracheitis (similar to Shipping Fever in cattle)

37
Q

possible causes of feline upper resp. tract infection*

A 
herpesvirus
calicivirus
chlamydia
Bordetella
mycoplasma
38
Q

trans. of feline URI

A

direct/indirect contact, aerosolization

39
Q

which CS in feline URI indicates herpesvirus as more likely cause?*

A

corneal ulceration**
abortion
neonatal death
rhinitis, pharyngitis

40
Q

which CS in feline URI indicates Calicivirus as more likely cause?

A

oral ulceration
pneumonia
polyarthritis

41
Q

which CS in feline URI indicates chlamydi or mycoplasma as more likely cause?

A

conjunctivitis

42
Q

Tx of ACUTE feline URI

A
  • supportive
  • steam/vapor
  • topical antivirals for corneal ulcers/conjunctivitis
  • abx if CS severe
  • NO GLUCOCORTICOIDS
43
Q

Tx of CHRONIC feline URI

A

-facilitte drainage of discharge
-chronic abx therapy
-lysine
+/- glucocorticoids, turbinectomy and frontal sinus ablation as last resort

44
Q

prevention of feline URI

A
  • vax to lessen severity

- avoid ML vax in sick or pregnant

45
Q

Avian herpesvirus causes what dz?

A

Infectious laryngotracheitis

46
Q

Infectious larngotracheitis chars.

A

(caused by AHV-1)

  • worldwide in chickens/pheasants
  • CS: “pump handle respiration”: neck raised and head extended during inspiration, loud gasping, coughing
  • morbidity 100%, variable mortality depending on strain
  • dec. egg production
47
Q

most important poultry disease prior to vaccination in 1970**

A

Marek’s Disease (caused by AHV2)

48
Q

3 forms of Marek’s Disease

A

1) Acute: causes paralysis, high mortality
2) Ocular: blindness, rare
3) Cutaneous: nodular lesions

49
Q

vaccine for Marek’s Disease

A
  • decreases incidence of lymphoproliferative and neoplastic effects but not neuro effects
  • virus developing resistance
  • decreases mortality
50
Q

general CS of Marek’s Disease

A
  • lymphoma, paralysis

- effects young birds most

51
Q

Name a betaherpesvirus that causes dz in domestic animals. What dz does it cause?

A

porcine (suid) herpesvirus 2. Causes Inclusion Body Rhinitis; generalized Cytomegalovirus Infection.

52
Q

Porcine Cytomegalovirus infection chars.

A

(caused by SHV-2)

  • worldwide
  • rhinitis up to 10wks, then goes subclinical
  • most severe in very young
  • horizontal or vertical trans.
  • creates large basophilic intranuclear inclusions
53
Q

Which 2 viruses cause Bovine Catarrhal Fever? What type of virus are they?***

A

Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 1
Ovine Herpesvirus 1
they are GAMMAherpesviruses

54
Q

Bovine Catarrhal Fever chars.

A
  • GAMMAherpesvirus
  • African and N. American forms
  • wildebeest, sheep asymptomatic shedders
  • cattle, bison will get symptoms (dead end hosts)
  • CS: inflamm. of mucosa, encephalitis, enlarged LN -> fever, dyspnea, gastroenteritis -> listless, CNS signs, bilateral corneal opacity**, death
  • HIGH MORTALITY, LOW MORBIDITY
  • No tx

Virology (Fall 2014) (15 decks)

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