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Virology (Fall 2014) > L27: Rotaviruses (Romero) > Flashcards

L27: Rotaviruses (Romero) Flashcards

1
Q

Rotavirus structure

A
  • dsRNA

- wheel shape in electron microscopy

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2
Q

Clinical features of rotaviruses

A
  • d in mammals/birds
  • very short incubation period
  • ingestion of milk worsens d in mammals**
  • reduced colostrum intake increases severity of d and serious dehydration**
  • most recover within few days
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3
Q

CS of porcine rotavirus

A

Sows: transient d
Piglets: profuse d, severe dehydration due to flocculent material lesions in SI

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4
Q

Pathogenesis of rotavirus

A
  • destroy terminally differentiated enterocytes lining tips of SI villi
  • dec. lactase production from enterocytes
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5
Q

transmission of rotaviruses

A
  • excreted in feces
  • fecal-oral trans.
  • persist in environment
  • bacterial/viral co-infections common (rotavirus itself usually not cause of systemic disease**)
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6
Q

Dx of rotaviruses

A
  • CS
  • electron microscopy
  • immunoelectron microscopy
  • enzyme immunoassay
  • electropherotype of RNA
  • RT-PCR
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7
Q

Prevention of porcine rotaviruses

A
  • sanitation
  • don’t mix pigs of different ages
  • immunoprophylaxis: vaccines, group specific immunity
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8
Q

Tx of porcine rotaviruses

A
  • supportive tx w/ fluids
  • abx to control concurrent infections
  • electrolyte solutions containing glucose and glycine ad libitum
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9
Q

Immunity to rotaviruses**

A
  • local immunity in the SI is most important in protecting the young**
  • colostrum Ab is transudated back into the intestine**
  • continuous feeding of small amounts of colostrum is most effective in protection**
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10
Q

vaccination against rotaviruses

A

vaccinate dams with attenuated or inactivated vaccines to elicit neutralizing Ab that are transferred to colostrum and milk

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11
Q

Bovine viral diarrhea virus general chars.

A
  • group of related viruses w/ varying virulence
  • responsible for 2 clinically different diseases: Bovine viral diarrhea (an acute epizootic infection) and Mucosal disease (a sporadic lethal enzootic disease of persistently-infected bovines)
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12
Q

Bovine viral diarrheal virus susceptible hosts

A 
cattle
buffalo
antelope
llamas
alpaca
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13
Q

Epi of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

A

1) Postnatal infection in non-pregnant cattle (mainly calves)
2) Infection in pregnant cows: transplacental infection to embryos or fetus
3) Persistent infection in calves and mucosal disease –> severe disease, death

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

A
  • resp. transmission
  • replicate in nasal mucosa/tonsils
  • spreads to regional LN and then systemically, esp. lymphoid tissue and intestines
  • usually subclinical
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15
Q

Prenatal and persistent infections of Bovine Viral D virus

A
  • abortion, stillbirth, malformation
  • growth retard, abn hair coat, stunting
  • usually die by 2 yrs
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16
Q

Mucosal disease cause

A

-caused by persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus biotype that mutates into a cytopathic biotype

17
Q

transmission of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

A
  • fomites, body fluids, placental tissue from PERSISTENTLY infected animals
  • poor trans. from acutely-affected animals
  • persistently infected bovines shed life-long
18
Q

What is responsible for more than 50% of total mortality in feedlots?

A

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

19
Q

What can compose Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex

A 
Viruses:
-Bovine viral diarrhea
-Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
-Bovine coronavirus
-Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
-Bovine parainfluenza virus 3
Bacteria: Mannheimaia haemolytica
20
Q

Dx of Bovine Viral Diarrhea

A
  • CS, necropsy
  • virus isolation
  • detect viral Ag in ear notch biopsy
  • RT-PCR
  • Serology: persistently infected animals are Ab NEGATIVE**
21
Q

Prevention and Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus

A
  • ID and immediate culling of persistently-infected bovines are key to control
  • test new members of herd and vaccinate
22
Q

Vaccination for Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus

A
  • live-attenuated (not in pregnant cows)
  • inactivated viruses reduce clinical dz but don’t prevent fetal infection
  • useless to vaccinate persistently-infected animals
23
Q

Infectious Bursal Disease/Gumboro disease Virus chars.

A
  • highly contagious
  • spreads rapidly through flocks
  • droppings contaminate environment
  • no vertical trans.
  • no carrier state
  • hardy in env.
24
Q

2 clinical forms of Infectious Bursal Disease/Gumboro disease**

A

1) Subclinical (young chicks; causes severe immunosuppression; most economically important)
2) Clinical (older chicks; rapid increased in mortality)

25
Q

gross lesions assoc. with infectious bursal disease (IBD)/ Gumboro**

A
  • Primarily in BURSA OF FABRICIUS** (hemorrhage, caseous material, swelling, atrophy)
  • Muscle hemorrhage
  • distended renal tubules due to urates from dehydration
  • hemorrhage in kidneys and b/w proventriculus/gizzard
26
Q

Cardinal microscopic lesions assoc. with infectious bursal disease (IBD)/ Gumboro**

A
  • Primarily in bursa of Fabricius**

- Necrosis, Edema, cystic cavities, fibroplasia, atrophy of BF**

27
Q

Dx of infectious bursal disease (IBD)/ Gumboro disease

A
  • must determine pathotype of field virus
  • virus isolation in the allantoic membrane or yolk sac of embryonated hen’s eggs
  • impression smears of affected BF and direct immunofluorescence with labeled antiserum
  • RT-PCR of RNA from BF or Spleen
28
Q

Why vaccinate chickens against Gumboro?**

A

Breeder hens: to stim. development of high and persistent levels of VN antibodies to be transferred to progeny chicks through the egg during laying period
Young Chicks: to prevent immunosuppression, morbidity and mortality after natural infection w/ virulent IBDV during first 4 wks of life

Virology (Fall 2014) (15 decks)

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