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Virology (Fall 2014) > L24: Retroviridae 1 (Romero) > Flashcards

L24: Retroviridae 1 (Romero) Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 subfamilies of retroviridae

A

Orthoretrovirinae

Spumaretrovirinae

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2
Q

name 6 classes of viruses within subfamily orthoretrovirinae and a virus in each class

A

alpharetrovirus (avian leukosis/sarcoma complex)
betaretrovirus (ovine pulmonary adenomatosis)
gammaretrovirus (feline leukemia virus)
deltaretrovirus (bovine leukosis virus)
lentivirus (caprine arthritis encephalitis)
epsilonretrovirus (Walleye dermal sarcoma)

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3
Q

Structure of retroviruses

A
  • ss+RNA genome

- enveloped (released via budding)

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4
Q

Feline leukemia caused by what virus?

A

Feline leukemia virus (a gammaretrovirus in subfamily orthoretrovirinae)

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5
Q

Feline leukemia virus transmission

A
  • horizontal and vertical
  • kittens, males, older cats more susceptible
  • shed in body fluids
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6
Q

FeLV pathogenesis

A
  • initial replication in oral/pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, then systemic spread via lymphocytes, monocytes
  • infection life-long, but infection prevalence low
  • are multiple strains of FeLV
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7
Q

FeLV virulence is determined by:

A

changes to SU glycoprotein

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8
Q

FeLV-A vs. B vs. C

A

FeLV-A: minimally pathogenic
FeLV-B: linked to thymus lymphosarcoma, lymphoid tumors
FeLV-C: assoc. with severe aplastic anemia

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9
Q

Assoc. CS of FeLV

A
  • anisocoria
  • protein deposits in anterior uvea
  • lymphadenopathy
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10
Q

path. assoc. with FeLV infection

A
  • lymphomas
  • myeloproliferative diseases, anemia
  • immunopathologic disease
  • fibrosarcoma
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11
Q

types of FeLV-associated lymphosarcomas

A

multicentric (lymphoid and non-lymphoid)
thymic (kittens)
alimentary (older cats; affects lymphoid tissues of GIT)
unclassified (non-lymphoid tissue, skin, eyes, CNS)

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12
Q

FeLV-associated myeloproliferative diseases and anemia

A

Erythremic myelosis (targets erythroid progenitor cell)
Granulocytic leukemia (targets granulocytic myeloid progenitor cell)
Erythroleukemia (targets erythroid and granulocytic myeloid precursors)
Myelofibrosis (proliferation of fibroblasts)

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13
Q

2 types of FeLV-associated immunopathologic disease

A

1) Immune-complex mediated
2) Immunodeficiency: chronic stomatitis, gingivitis, non-healing skin lesions, infertility, fetal deaths, abortions, etc.

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14
Q

FeLV-associated fibrosarcomas

A
  • usually seen as solitary tumors in old cats
  • can occur in kittens from recombinant feline sarcoma virus after infection with FeLV
  • can occur after SC or IM immunization with inactivated adjuvanted vaccines (NOT virus-related)
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15
Q

Dx of FeLV

A
  • Ag detection (snap test)
  • PCR to detect FeLV PROVIRUS
  • immunofluorescence prone to false positives
  • vaccine doesn’t interfere with FeLV Ag tests
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16
Q

FeLV immunity, prevention, control

A
  • test and segregte infected cats
  • vaccine does NOT protect against infection, only progressive infection and dz
  • vax of infected cats useless
17
Q

cause of Avian lymphoid leukosis

A

-caused by exogenous RNA tumor virus within Retroviridae

18
Q

transmission of Avian lymphoid leukosis virus

A
  • exogenous viruses: vertical and horizontal

- endogenous: genetically by both rooster and hen; not oncogenic

19
Q

pathogenesis of avian lymphoid leukosis

A
  • originate by transformation of lymphoid cells within bursa of Fabricius
  • gross tumors follow microscopic lesions at about 16 wks
  • May involve viscera, but NO nerve involvement
20
Q

T/F: will never see nerve lesions in tumors of lymphoid cells**

A

T

21
Q

dz syndromes induced in chickens by alpharetroviruses and tissue effected in each

A 
Alpharetrovirus (target cells)
Lymphoid leukosis (lymphoblasts)
Osteopetrosis (Osteoblasts)
Nephroblastoma (Renal cells)
Erythroblastosis (Erythroblasts)
Hemangioma (Capillary endothelium)
Myeloblastosis (Myeloblasts)
Myelocytomatosis (Myelocytes)
Sarcoma (various mesenchymal cells)
22
Q

tumors caused by replication-competent avian retroviruses

A

lymphoid leukosis
osteopetrosis (diaphysis thickens)
renal tumors

23
Q

tumors caused by replication-defective avian retroviruses

A 
erythroblastosis
myeloblastosis
myelocytomatosis
hemangioma
sarcomas
24
Q

erythroblastosis char. by:

A

severe anemia, liver, spleen, kidneys enlarged and dark red

25
Q

dx of avian lymphoid leukosis

A
  • tumor cells in bursa of Fabricius react with antiserum
  • RT-PCR of tumor RNA and sequencing
  • absence of Marek’s MEQ gene in tumors
  • no infiltration of nerves with lymphoid cells
26
Q

control of Avian lymphoid leukosis***

A
  • ERADICATION of exogenous lymphoid leukosis virus from breeders or genetic stocks
  • NO VACCINE!
  • sanitation, biosecurity
27
Q

Ovine Pulmonry Adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte) chars.

A
  • dz of adult sheep
  • leads to wasting and severe resp. distress
  • worldwide
  • reportable in some U.S. states
  • high incidence in Peru
  • caused by a BETARETROVIRUS
28
Q

CS of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte)

A
  • long incubation period after infection with severe losses
  • progressive dyspnea, anorexia, caquexia
  • resp. failure –> death
29
Q

transmission/path. of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis

A
  • trans. in aerosolized lung fluids (facilitated by close confinement)
  • transforms differentiated lung epithelial cells (PNEUMOCYTES) –> epithelial proliferation –> nodular lesions
  • active replication restricted to broncholveolar epithelial cells!**
  • tumors correspond to adenoma or adenocarcinoma
  • mets uncommonly
30
Q

Dx of Ovine Pulmonary adenomatosis

A
  • infected animals don’t develop circulating Ab (lack of response possibly due to immunological tolerance triggered by closely related endogenous retroviruses (endJSRVs))**
  • JSRV proviral DNA sequences detected by PCR or in colostrum/milk from infected and/or clinically ill ewes
31
Q

Control of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis

A
  • NO vaccines available**
  • strict biosecurity and immediate removal of sick sheep as soon as CS appear**
  • don’t keep lambs of affected ewes as replacement stock
32
Q

most important management strategy in reducing Jaagsiekte’s losses

A

rear sheep in single age groups

Virology (Fall 2014) (15 decks)

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