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Virology (Fall 2014) > L23: Parvoviruses/Circoviruses of Domestic Species (Waltzek) > Flashcards

L23: Parvoviruses/Circoviruses of Domestic Species (Waltzek) Flashcards

1
Q

structure of parvoviruses***

A
  • small icosahedral
  • ssDNA
  • NO ENVELOPE –> ENVIRONMENTALLY RESISTANT!**
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2
Q

where do parvoviruses replicate?***

A

in nucleus of RAPIDLY DIVIDING CELLS (i.e. GI crpyt cells, lymphocytes)
-form EOSINOPHILIC INTRANUCLEAR INCLUSIONS**

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3
Q

Name 6 parvoviruses of interest

A 
Porcine parvovirus
Feline panleukopenia virus
Canine parvovirus
Mink enteritis virus
Aleutian mink disease virus
Goose parvovirus
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4
Q

Porcine parvovirus causes what disease processes?

A

SMEDI syndrome (Stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility)

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5
Q

SMEDI in Pigs

A
  • naive gilts bred to new boars most susceptible
  • fetuses born weak or stillborn
  • immune to subsequent infection
  • virus in boar semen, testicles, feces
  • very resistant in env.
  • diagnosed best with mummified fetus
  • prevent with vaccines (maternal Ab can interfere)**
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6
Q

How can maternal Ab interfere with vaccine schedule?***

A

if vaccine given at wrong time (before maternal Ab wear off), vaccine will be ineffective because maternal Ab will destroy the vaccine and prevent immunity

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7
Q

feline panleukopenia virus causes what disease processes?

A

cerebellar hypoplasia
panleukopenia
enteritis

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8
Q

feline panleukopenia chars. (including CS)

A

(parvovirus)

  • highly contagious, fatal (esp. in young cats)
  • direct/indirect/vertical transmission
  • virus shed 6wks after clinical infection clears
  • CS: either HIGH fever and sudden death, or lethargy, hypothermia, bloody d, etc.
  • in utero infection causes cerebellar hypoplasia, stunted growth**
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9
Q

tx and prevention of feline panleukopenia virus

A
  • TX: supportive care only: fluids, electrolytes, abx, +/- antiemetics/H2 receptor antagonists/sucralfate
  • Prevention: vaccination, disinfect env. with BLEACH
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10
Q

What type of vaccines should be avoided in sick/pregnant animals?

A

Modified vaccines

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11
Q

Canine parvovirus causes what disease processes?

A

generalized neonatal dz
enteritis
myocarditis
panleukopenia

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12
Q

T/F: canine parvovirus still an important cause of d in wild/domestic canids?**

A

T

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13
Q

canine parvovirus most common in which dog breeds?**

A 
Rottweilers
Dobermans
Labs
American Staffordshire Terrier
German Shepherd
Alaskan sled dogs
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14
Q

CS of parvovirus

A
  • type of diarrhea depends on which cells/portion of cells are affected in the GI**
  • enteritis, sepsis, death
  • myocarditis in young puppies
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15
Q

canine parvovirus prevention

A
  • vaccination (before and after maternal Ab wear off)
  • disinfect with bleach
  • reduce exposure
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16
Q

What are the two main exceptions to virus inclusions?***

A

1) Poxviruses: in nucleus

2) circoviruses in cytoplasm

17
Q

circovirus structure

A
  • small ssDNA virus
  • NO envelope
  • icosahedral shape
  • intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies
18
Q

where does circovirus replication occur?**

A

rapidly dividing cells

19
Q

Name 3 circoviruses

A

porcine circovirus 2
psittacine beak and feather disease virus
chicken anemia virus

20
Q

Porcine circovirus 2 assoc. with what dz?

A
  • Postweaning polysystemic wasting syndrome

- Also causes emaciation, hemorrhagic epidermitis, resp. dz

21
Q

Postweaning polysystemic wasting syndrome

A
  • effects piglets
  • targets macs and lymphocytes
  • high mortality
  • a complex dz
22
Q

Dx of Porcine Circovirus 2 assoc. disease**

A
  • quantitation of viral load by qPCR (quantitative PCR) in lymphoid cells is important
  • immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence of affected tissues
23
Q

Management of Porcine Circovirus 2 assoc. dz

A
  • don’t allow co-mingling
  • use AI from dz free boars
  • increase weaning age
  • enough colostrum
  • inactivated (subunits) vaccines effective
24
Q

Psittacine beak and feather disease virus causes what disease?

A

Psittacine beak and feather disease

25
Q

Psittacine beak and feather disease

A
  • targets growing cells of feather follicles, beak, claws young birds -> necrosis/feather malformation
  • “botyroid” basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in epithelium formed
  • one of primary reasons for feather loss in birds
  • progressive, immunosuppressive
  • highly infectious (vertical and horizontal)
  • No vaccine
26
Q

Chicken anemia virus causes what disease?

A

Chicken anemia virus disease

27
Q

Chicken anemia virus disease

A
  • resistant to disinfectants
  • transmitted vertically via egg and horizontally
  • only specific sign = ANEMIA**
  • live modified vaccine

Virology (Fall 2014) (15 decks)

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