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Y4R4 - Surgery II 👨‍⚕️ > L3: Head Trauma > Flashcards

L3: Head Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Types (Mechanisms) of Head Injury

A
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2
Q

Pathology of Concussion

A
  • Transient alteration of consciousness without structural damage.
  • Transient disturbance in neuronal function.
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3
Q

Symptoms of Concussion

A

Headache, Nausea, Confusion, Memory loss…

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4
Q

Investigations for Concussion

A

No abnormalities in radiology.

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5
Q

Cortical Contusion & laceration in CT

A

Traumatic brain injury with CT findings.
* Hemorrhagic hyperdense
* Non hemorrhagic hypodense

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6
Q

Mechanism of Cortical Contusion & laceration

A

Coup & contre-coup (counter blow).

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7
Q

Site of Cortical Contusion & laceration

A

Usually frontal and temporal

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8
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injury

  • Pathology
A
  • Acceleration/deceleration to white matter.
  • Shearing injury.
  • Punctate hemorrhage.
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9
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injury

  • CP
A

Range from mild confusion to deep coma.

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10
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injury

  • Investigations
A

Near normal CT

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11
Q

Extradural Hematoma

  • Site
A

Collation of blood between dura & skull.

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12
Q

Bleeding Source in Extradural Hematoma

A
  • Middle meningeal artery (90% - The most common).
  • Dural venous sinus.
  • Bone sinusoid.
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13
Q

CP of Extradural Hematoma

A

3 phases
* Stage of concussion
* Lucid interval
* Stage of brain compression

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14
Q

Investigations in Extradural Hematoma

A

Biconvex in CT

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15
Q

TTT of Extradural Hematoma

A
  • Evacuation is life-saving (Osteoplastic craniotomy flap).
  • Source of bleeding should be controlled.
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16
Q

Def of Subdural hematoma

A

Collection of blood in the subdural space (between Dura matter & arachnoid).

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17
Q

Compare between acute & Chronic Subdural hematoma

  • Time
  • Causes
  • Symptoms
  • Investigations
  • TTT
A
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18
Q

What are other Intracranial Hemorrhages?

A
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19
Q

Pathology of Brain Edema

A
  • Accumulation of fluid beneath brain tissue
  • Common finding after head trauma
20
Q

Types of Brain Edema

A

A) Vasodilatation → Extracellular
B) Cytotoxic → Intracellular

21
Q

Complications of Brain Edema

A
  • Lead to cerebral swelling and mass effect
  • Increased intracranial pressure (N < 10-15)
22
Q

Cerebral perfusion Pressure

A
23
Q

Brain Herniation

A
24
Q

Cushing Triad

A
  • Hypertension
  • Bradycardia
  • Respiratory irregularity
25
Q

Mechanism of Cerebral Ischemia

A
26
Q

Management of increased ICT

A
27
Q

Types of Skull Fracture

A
28
Q

Pathology of Fissure Fracture

A
  • Usually heals spontaneously
  • Dangerous if tear Dural artery e.g., MMA
29
Q

DDx of Fissure Fracture

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Vascular marks
30
Q

TTT of Fissure Fracture

A
  • No Surgical treatment is required.
  • But close observation to rarely detect EDH.
31
Q

Types of Depressed Fracture

A

Simple & Compound

32
Q

Characters of Simple Depressed Fracture

A
  • Simple = closed (Scalp intact)
  • Green stick fracture
  • Ping-Pong
  • High Plasticity of skull bone (Monopole skull)
33
Q

Age in Simple Depressed Fracture

A

Usually in newborn or infant «‹ 1 Y ???

34
Q

TTT of Simple Depressed Fracture

A

Usually non-operative management

35
Q

Pathology in Compound Depressed Fracture

A
  • Scalp wound over fracture communicate fracture to atmosphere.
  • Implantation of hair and bacterial flora high risk of infection
36
Q

Complications of Compound Depressed Fracture

A

Seizures

Brain abscess

Neurological Deficit

37
Q

TTT of Compound Depressed Fracture

A

Elevation with good disinfection and repair of dura

Any delay in time of surgery → Increased infection rate.

38
Q

Symptoms of Anterior Fossa Base Fracture

A
39
Q

Symptoms of Middle Fossa Base Fracture

A
40
Q

Assessment of head injury

A
41
Q

Glascow Coma Scale Aspects

A
42
Q

Glascow Coma Scale

  • Eye Opening
A
43
Q

Glascow Coma Scale

  • Verbal response
A
44
Q

Glascow Coma Scale

  • Motor response
A
45
Q

Grades of Head Trauma

A

Y4R4 - Surgery II 👨‍⚕️ (16 decks)

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