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L3 Flashcards

1
Q

stimulate and control cyclic changes in the ovary

A

FSH LH

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2
Q

At the beginning of each ovarian cycle _ to _ ___are stimulated to grow under the influence of_

A

15 to 20
primary-stage (preantral) follicles
FSH

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3
Q

Other Follicles degenerate and become atretic, what will happen next

A

replaced by connective tissue forming corpus atreticum

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4
Q

Proliferation of the granulosa is mediated by___, which is a member of the

A

growth differentiation factor 9

transforming growth factor beta

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5
Q

AMH job

A

Controls maturation —> 1 ovum matures
Inhibits FSH

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6
Q

What is cumulus cells layer and what are their job

A

Additional granulosa cells
1.support the cell
2. Attract sperm
3. H supply

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7
Q

Theca interna and granulosa cells produce

A

estrogens

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8
Q

theca interna cells produce __and___, and granular cells convert these hormones to __and___

A

androstenedione and testosterone

estrone and 17-beta estradiol

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9
Q

significance of Thinning of the cervical mucus

A

to allow passage of sperm

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10
Q

When does the LH surge occurs?

A

Midcycle after the proliferative phase during ovulation

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11
Q

LH surge does 5things mention them

A

1- inc. maturation promoting factors —> M1✅ M2…
2- stimulates P by follicular stormal cells —> follicular rupture+ovulation
3- increase collagenase activity —> break down collagen surrounding the follicle
4- prodtaglandins
5- mainatins C.L

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12
Q

Mention 5 steps pf the ovarian cycle

A

1)primary oocyte mature within a follicle
2)M1✅ —> secondary oocyte
3)secondary oocyte M2…. and it is released during ovulation
4) CL forms from the remnants of the follicle
4) CL degenerates if no pregnancy

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13
Q

LH stimulates

A

1- collagenase activity
2- prostaglandins production (contraction)
3- LH + granulosa+ thecal cells = Lutein cells which secrete estrogens and progesterone
4-inc. maturation promoting factors —> M1✅ M2…
5- stimulates P by follicular stormal cells —> follicular rupture+ovulation

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14
Q

Estrogen and progesterone secretions cause uterine mucose to enter ___ phase in preparation for implantation

A

progestational

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15
Q

The oocyte is carried into the uterine tube

A

sweeping motions of the fimbrae
cilia on the epithelial lining
Muscular contractions

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16
Q

The fertilized oocyte reaches the uterine lumen in approximately _ to _ days

A

3,4

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17
Q

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum reaches maximum development approximately _ days post-ovulation and what happens to it?

A

9
shrinks to form a mass of fibrotic scar tissue —> corpus albicans

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18
Q

What is corpus albicans?

A

C.L shrinks and forms a mass of fibrotic scar tissue if fertilization does not occur

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19
Q

Progesterone production decreases indicates

A

The beginning’s of menstrual bleeding

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20
Q

If fertilization occurs degeneration of corpus luteum is prevented by __ which is secreted by

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

syncytiotrophoblast of the developing embryo

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21
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

ampullary region of the uterine tube

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22
Q

Only _% of sperm deposited in the vagina enter the cervix and they survive how long?

A

1
Many hrs

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23
Q

Movement of sperm from the cervix to the uterine tube occurs by __ that lasts from

A

muscular contractions of the uterus and uterine tube
thirty minutes to 3 days

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24
Q

after reaching the isthmus Sperm become __

A

less motile and cease their migration

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25
Capacitation period occurs in __and lasts for__
Female reproductive tract seven hours
26
Only __ can pass through the corona cells and undergo the acrosome reaction
capactiated sperm
27
During Capacitation the ____ and ____ are removed from the ___ that overlies the ___of the sperm
Glycoprotein coat - seminal plasma - plasma membrane - acrosomal region
28
When does the acrosomal reaction occurs
After binding to the zona pellucida
29
The acrosomal reaction is induced by
Zona proteins
30
What stimulates follicular rupture and ovulation?
Progesterone production by follicular stormal cells stimulated by LH surge
31
When do Cumulus cells withdraw their cytoplasmic processes from the zona pellucida and lose contact with the oocyte
During oocyte trasport
32
When do corpus albicans form?
9 days post ovulation if fertilization failed
33
If fertilization did not take place two things what happened mention them
1- CL —> CA 2- progesterone decreases
34
Degeneration of the corpus luteum is prevented by ___which is secreted from __
hCG syncytiotrophoblast of the developing embryo
35
Choose the correct hormone LH or FSH: Maturation of the follicle
Both
36
Choose the correct hormone LH or FSH: Ovulation
Both
37
Choose the correct hormone LH or FSH: CL
LH
38
LH acts on
Maturation of follicle ovulation corpus luteum
39
FSH acts on
Maturation of follicle ovulation
40
When does the sperm becomes less motile
After reaching the isthmus
41
Capacitation is an __ reaction between the sperm and __
Epithelial Mucosal surface of the tube
42
Capacitation requires __ to occur
Signaling molecules from the uterine wall
43
Acrosome his reaction is induced by
Zona proteins
44
The acrosome reactions occurs after
Binding to the zona pellucida
45
Hydrolytic enzymes in the acrosomes includes
Acrosin and trypsin
46
Fertilization include three phases what are they
Penetration of the corona radiata penetration of the zona pellucida fusion of the oocyte and sperm cell membranes
47
What is the equatorial segment
Portion of the acrosome that is used with the oocyte
48
The zona pellucida is made up of
Glycoproteins
49
What is the job of zona pellucida
Facilitates sperm binding induces acrosomal reaction
50
Sperm binding and acrosomal reactions which is the job of zona pellucida are mediated by
Ligand ZP3 —> a receptor zona protein —> protein
51
Lysosomal enzymes from the cortical granules are released in the result of
Sperm penetration
52
The cortical granules location
Lining the plasma membrane of the oocyte
53
The 8 cell stage is also known as
Morula
54
What happens after the morula moves into the uterus
A fluid filled cavity is formed and the morula now is called a blastocyst
55
What happens after the blastocyst formation
Fluid begins to penetrate through the sonic lucida into the intracellular spaces of the inner cell mass
56
What are the three stages of the uterus
Follicular or proliferative phase Secretory or progestational of phase Menstrual phase
57
Implantation took place in which stage
Secretory or progestational phase
58
What are the three layers of the uterus
Compact Spongy Basal
59
Describe the ideal implantation site
The body of the uterus either anterior or the posterior wall Corpus uteri
60
Ectopic pregnancies require termination of the pregnancy because
As threats to the mothers life implantation site cannot facilitate the projected fetal growth
61
__Ectopic pregnancies are the most common they happen in ___then the ___ followed by the __
 tubal ampulla isthmus infundibulum
62
High concentrations of LH increases collagenase activity that would lead to the breakdown of
Collagen fibers surrounding the follicles
63
Muscular contractions will squeeze the oocyte along with its granulosa cells from the region of
Corpus oophurus
64
How long does it take for the egg to go from the ovaries to the uterine lumen
3-4 days
65
How long does it take for the corpus luteum to degenerate
Nine days post ovulation
66
Muscular contractions for sperm movements last for
30 min - 3 days
67
Adhesion of the sperm and the egg cell membrane is mediated by the interactions of
Integris from the egg and disintegrates from the sperm
68
Upon entering the spermatozoa to the egg three things will happen mentioned them
Cortical and zona reactions second meiotic division metabolic activity of the egg
69
The secretory or progress stational phase starts when? and in response to what?
2 to 3 days after ovulation In response to progesterone
70
After how many days does the morula move into the uterus
4 days
71
When does the zygote reaches the 2 cell stage
30 hours post fusion

Anatomy (20 decks)

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