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Anatomy > L3 > Flashcards

L3 Flashcards

1
Q

stimulate and control cyclic changes in the ovary

A

FSH LH

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2
Q

At the beginning of each ovarian cycle _ to _ ___are stimulated to grow under the influence of_

A

15 to 20
primary-stage (preantral) follicles
FSH

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3
Q

Other Follicles degenerate and become atretic, what will happen next

A

replaced by connective tissue forming corpus atreticum

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4
Q

Proliferation of the granulosa is mediated by___, which is a member of the

A

growth differentiation factor 9

transforming growth factor beta

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5
Q

AMH job

A

Controls maturation —> 1 ovum matures
Inhibits FSH

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6
Q

What is cumulus cells layer and what are their job

A

Additional granulosa cells
1.support the cell
2. Attract sperm
3. H supply

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7
Q

Theca interna and granulosa cells produce

A

estrogens

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8
Q

theca interna cells produce __and___, and granular cells convert these hormones to __and___

A

androstenedione and testosterone

estrone and 17-beta estradiol

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9
Q

significance of Thinning of the cervical mucus

A

to allow passage of sperm

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10
Q

When does the LH surge occurs?

A

Midcycle after the proliferative phase during ovulation

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11
Q

LH surge does 5things mention them

A

1- inc. maturation promoting factors —> M1✅ M2…
2- stimulates P by follicular stormal cells —> follicular rupture+ovulation
3- increase collagenase activity —> break down collagen surrounding the follicle
4- prodtaglandins
5- mainatins C.L

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12
Q

Mention 5 steps pf the ovarian cycle

A

1)primary oocyte mature within a follicle
2)M1✅ —> secondary oocyte
3)secondary oocyte M2…. and it is released during ovulation
4) CL forms from the remnants of the follicle
4) CL degenerates if no pregnancy

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13
Q

LH stimulates

A

1- collagenase activity
2- prostaglandins production (contraction)
3- LH + granulosa+ thecal cells = Lutein cells which secrete estrogens and progesterone
4-inc. maturation promoting factors —> M1✅ M2…
5- stimulates P by follicular stormal cells —> follicular rupture+ovulation

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14
Q

Estrogen and progesterone secretions cause uterine mucose to enter ___ phase in preparation for implantation

A

progestational

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15
Q

The oocyte is carried into the uterine tube

A

sweeping motions of the fimbrae
cilia on the epithelial lining
Muscular contractions

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16
Q

The fertilized oocyte reaches the uterine lumen in approximately _ to _ days

A

3,4

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17
Q

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum reaches maximum development approximately _ days post-ovulation and what happens to it?

A

9
shrinks to form a mass of fibrotic scar tissue —> corpus albicans

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18
Q

What is corpus albicans?

A

C.L shrinks and forms a mass of fibrotic scar tissue if fertilization does not occur

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19
Q

Progesterone production decreases indicates

A

The beginning’s of menstrual bleeding

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20
Q

If fertilization occurs degeneration of corpus luteum is prevented by __ which is secreted by

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

syncytiotrophoblast of the developing embryo

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21
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

ampullary region of the uterine tube

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22
Q

Only _% of sperm deposited in the vagina enter the cervix and they survive how long?

A

1
Many hrs

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23
Q

Movement of sperm from the cervix to the uterine tube occurs by __ that lasts from

A

muscular contractions of the uterus and uterine tube
thirty minutes to 3 days

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24
Q

after reaching the isthmus Sperm become __

A

less motile and cease their migration

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25
Q

Capacitation period occurs in __and lasts for__

A

Female reproductive tract
seven hours

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26
Q

Only __ can pass through the corona cells and undergo the acrosome reaction

A

capactiated sperm

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27
Q

During Capacitation the ____ and ____ are removed from the ___
that overlies the ___of the sperm

A

Glycoprotein coat - seminal plasma - plasma membrane - acrosomal region

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28
Q

When does the acrosomal reaction occurs

A

After binding to the zona pellucida

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29
Q

The acrosomal reaction is induced by

A

Zona proteins

30
Q

What stimulates follicular rupture and ovulation?

A

Progesterone production by follicular stormal cells stimulated by LH surge

31
Q

When do Cumulus cells withdraw their cytoplasmic processes from the zona pellucida and lose contact with the oocyte

A

During oocyte trasport

32
Q

When do corpus albicans form?

A

9 days post ovulation if fertilization failed

33
Q

If fertilization did not take place two things what happened mention them

A

1- CL —> CA
2- progesterone decreases

34
Q

Degeneration of the corpus luteum is prevented by ___which is secreted from __

A

hCG

syncytiotrophoblast of the developing embryo

35
Q

Choose the correct hormone LH or FSH:
Maturation of the follicle

A

Both

36
Q

Choose the correct hormone LH or FSH:
Ovulation

A

Both

37
Q

Choose the correct hormone LH or FSH:
CL

A

LH

38
Q

LH acts on

A

Maturation of follicle
ovulation
corpus luteum

39
Q

FSH acts on

A

Maturation of follicle
ovulation

40
Q

When does the sperm becomes less motile

A

After reaching the isthmus

41
Q

Capacitation is an __ reaction between the sperm and __

A

Epithelial
Mucosal surface of the tube

42
Q

Capacitation requires __ to occur

A

Signaling molecules from the uterine wall

43
Q

Acrosome his reaction is induced by

A

Zona proteins

44
Q

The acrosome reactions occurs after

A

Binding to the zona pellucida

45
Q

Hydrolytic enzymes in the acrosomes includes

A

Acrosin and trypsin

46
Q

Fertilization include three phases what are they

A

Penetration of the corona radiata

penetration of the zona pellucida

fusion of the oocyte and sperm cell membranes

47
Q

What is the equatorial segment

A

Portion of the acrosome that is used with the oocyte

48
Q

The zona pellucida is made up of

A

Glycoproteins

49
Q

What is the job of zona pellucida

A

Facilitates sperm binding

induces acrosomal reaction

50
Q

Sperm binding and acrosomal reactions which is the job of zona pellucida are mediated by

A

Ligand ZP3 —> a receptor
zona protein —> protein

51
Q

Lysosomal enzymes from the cortical granules are released in the result of

A

Sperm penetration

52
Q

The cortical granules location

A

Lining the plasma membrane of the oocyte

53
Q

The 8 cell stage is also known as

A

Morula

54
Q

What happens after the morula moves into the uterus

A

A fluid filled cavity is formed and the morula now is called a blastocyst

55
Q

What happens after the blastocyst formation

A

Fluid begins to penetrate through the sonic lucida into the intracellular spaces of the inner cell mass

56
Q

What are the three stages of the uterus

A

Follicular or proliferative phase

Secretory or progestational of phase

Menstrual phase

57
Q

Implantation took place in which stage

A

Secretory or progestational phase

58
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus

A

Compact
Spongy
Basal

59
Q

Describe the ideal implantation site

A

The body of the uterus either anterior or the posterior wall

Corpus uteri

60
Q

Ectopic pregnancies require termination of the pregnancy because

A

As threats to the mothers life

implantation site cannot facilitate the projected fetal growth

61
Q

__Ectopic pregnancies are the most common they happen in ___then the ___ followed by the __

A

 tubal

ampulla

isthmus

infundibulum

62
Q

High concentrations of LH increases collagenase activity that would lead to the breakdown of

A

Collagen fibers surrounding the follicles

63
Q

Muscular contractions will squeeze the oocyte along with its granulosa cells from the region of

A

Corpus oophurus

64
Q

How long does it take for the egg to go from the ovaries to the uterine lumen

A

3-4 days

65
Q

How long does it take for the corpus luteum to degenerate

A

Nine days post ovulation

66
Q

Muscular contractions for sperm movements last for

A

30 min - 3 days

67
Q

Adhesion of the sperm and the egg cell membrane is mediated by the interactions of

A

Integris from the egg and disintegrates from the sperm

68
Q

Upon entering the spermatozoa to the egg three things will happen mentioned them

A

Cortical and zona reactions
second meiotic division
metabolic activity of the egg

69
Q

The secretory or progress stational phase starts when? and in response to what?

A

2 to 3 days after ovulation
In response to progesterone

70
Q

After how many days does the morula move into the uterus

A

4 days

71
Q

When does the zygote reaches the 2 cell stage

A

30 hours post fusion

Anatomy (20 decks)

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