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Anatomy > L2 > Flashcards

L2 Flashcards

1
Q

Gametogenesis is characterized by four stages what are they

A

1- Origin and migration
2-proliferation by mitosis
3-reduction by meiosis
4- maturation

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2
Q

An increase in the number of germ cells by mitosis ensures that

A

A large preserver of future gametes

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3
Q

Which phase of gametogenesis is identical in males and females

A

Origin and immigration

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4
Q

Error in phase 1 can lead to

A

Phase 1 is origin and immigration, incorrect migration of germ cells lead to congenital anomalies/teratomas

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5
Q

Genes on the same chromosomes are known as

A

Linked genes

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6
Q

True or false: the pattern of my mitotic division of germ cells differ from males and females germ cells

A

True

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7
Q

Replication occurs in which stage

A

 interphase

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8
Q

Mention three events of prophase

A

Chromosome condensation
centromere development
nucleus breaks

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9
Q

Mention the events of metaphase

A

Further condensation
Centrosomes are at the opposite sides
alignment

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10
Q

Mention the events of telophase

A

Nucleus reforms
Decondensation 

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11
Q

The first division in meiosis separates

A

Homologous chromosomes

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12
Q

The second division in meiosis separates

A

Sister chromatids

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13
Q

How many chromosomes are there after the first division in meiosis

A

23

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14
Q

Genetic variation is a result of ____ in the ___ stage

A

Crossing over ophthalmologist chromosomes and random distribution

Meiosis one

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15
Q

A primary germ cells give

A

Males :
22+x
22+x
22+y
22+y
All mature

Females
22+x (mature)
22+x ( atresia)
22+x ( atresia)
22+x ( atresia)

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16
Q

The number of germ cells in female peaks in__ due to

A

Between the second and fifth month
Do you to mitosis

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17
Q

Spermatogonia maintain the ability to divide throughout

A

Postnatal life

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18
Q

Prepubertal stage: mostly
[Follicular pool/ atretic follicles/ growing follicles/ovulated follicles]

A

1:follicular pool
2: Atretic pool

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19
Q

Adult stage: mostly
[Follicular pool/ atretic follicles/ growing follicles/ovulated follicles]

A

1: follicular
2:atretic
3: growing
4: ovulated

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20
Q

Post menopausal stage: mostly
[Follicular pool/ atretic follicles/ growing follicles/ovulated follicles]
ادري انج حافظتهم بالترتيب فحفظي fago

A

1:atretic
2: ovulated

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21
Q

Cells from mitosis plus a flat epithelium gives

A

Primordial follicle

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22
Q

How many polar body one and polar body two does a female produce

A

2 polar body I
1 polar body II

23
Q

By the end of ____ the oogonia underwent a number of my mitotic division and are arranged in clusters surrounded by a layer of flat epithelium

A

3rd month

24
Q

At birth, the primary oocyte have started prophase of meiosis one but they donot enter metaphase until ___ but rather they are in __

A

Puberty
Diplotene stage

25
Q

Most oocytes become atretic during __

A

Childhood

26
Q

___# are present by puberty
___#will be ovulated

A

40,000
<500

27
Q

At puberty, pool of growing follicles are established from __

A

Primordial follicles

28
Q

Each month # to # are selected from the pool and begin to mature and pass through three stages __ __ __

A

15-20
Primary, preantral
Secondary, antral
Preovulatory (graafian follicle)

29
Q

When do the surrounding follicle cells change from flat to cubodial and why?

A

As the primary oocyte begins to grow
To produce stratified epithelium of granulosa cells

30
Q

What are the three stratified epithelium of the granulosa sense

A

Corona radiata
zona pellucida
Theca folliculi

31
Q

After the first meiotic division # follicle Is produced 

A

Secondary follicle

32
Q

After the second meiotic division # follicle is produced

A

Tertiary

33
Q

Meiosis in males begin at __while in females__

A

After puberty
At birth

34
Q

What is the difference between type a and type B Spermatogonium

A

Type A: primordial cell, before migration
Type B: after migration, DNA replication

35
Q

In what type of germ cells all primary cells enter meiosis at the same time

A

Female gametes

36
Q

What is the result when is primary spermatogonium enters the meiotic phase as a primary spermatocyte
and how long does it take

A

2 secondary spermatocytes, which enter the second meiotic division and result in four haploid spermatids&raquo_space;> Spermiogenesis» Mature sperm

64 days

37
Q

Mention four events of the maturation of sperms

A

Formation of the acrosomal which covers half of the nuclear surface

Condensation of the nucleus

Formation of the neck, middle piece, tail

Shedding off most of the cytoplasm as residual bodies. 

38
Q

Mention six symptoms of down syndrome

A

Mental retardation
delayed growth
premature aging
distinct facial characteristics
intellectual disabilities
thyroid dysfunction
infections

39
Q

Mention four symptoms of trisomy 13

A

Mental retardation
deafness
Eyedefects
cleft lips

40
Q

Mention four symptoms of trisomy 18

A

Mental retardation
congenital heart defects
Low set of ears
flexion of fingers and hands

41
Q

What is the origin of primordial germ cells

A

Extra embryonic yolk sac

42
Q

To where the priomordial germ cells migrate to

A

Gonads 

43
Q

Accumulation of unwanted PGC in areas that they’re not supposed to be results in

A

Teratomas

44
Q

Proliferation by mitosis differs in males and females because it is slower in __ but have a higher rate in __
In __ they are life long but in __ they stop at birth

A

Males
females
males
females

45
Q

When does Spermatogonium becomes a primary spermatocyte

A

At puberty

46
Q

Why are follicles important? 

A

For the oocyte to become ready for fertilization, because follicles provide nutrients to the oocyte

47
Q

When does the oogonia undergo Artesia

A

5 months - Premenopuase

48
Q

In the fetal period __ #follicles are present

A

0

49
Q

When do the flat cells change to cuboidal and why

A

As the primary oocyte grows , To produce stratified epithelium of granulosa cells which are
zona pellucida - corona radiata - theca folliculi

50
Q

What is the origin of primordial germ cells
What is the constituent of primordial germ cells

A

A: extraembrionic yolk sac
B: clusters from meiosis +flat epithelial cells

51
Q

When does the oogonia undergo atresia
Most oocytes become atretic during

A

5 months - premenopausal
Childhood

52
Q

Clusters of cells + flat epithelial cells are in the __month

A

3rd

53
Q

When does the # of 1* oocyte decrease

A

Midgestation

Anatomy (20 decks)

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