L21 Respiratory Physiology 1

Question 1

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 1

Internal and external respiration

Question 2

What processes are involved in internal respiration?

Answer 2

Within the cell,
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle - CO2 produced
Oxidative phosphorylation - O2 consumed

Question 3

Explain external respiration?

Answer 3

1. Ventilation
2. Exchange and transport of gases around the body

Question 4

Which major process does respioration rely on?

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 6

The lungs are separated into two sections. What are they?

Answer 6

Conducting zone
Respiratory zone

Question 7

What happens in the conducting zone of the lungs?

Answer 7

Filter, warm and humidify the incoming air.

Question 8

What happens in the respiratory zone in the lungs?

Question 9

What is involved in the conducting zone? (Finish)

Answer 9

• Nose
• Nasopharynx

Question 10

What are the conditions of the incoming air in the conducting zone?

Answer 10

Filter
Warm
Humidify

Question 11

Describe the Bronchial wall

Answer 11

Reinforced with cartilage
Smooth muscle
Mucous glands
Elastic tissue

Question 12

Describe the structure of the respiratory epithelium

Answer 12

Cilitated epithelia
Goblet cells
Sensory nerve endings

Question 13

What is the role of reinforcing the cartilage of the bronchial wall?

Answer 13

Prevents the airway from collapsing

Question 14

What does the smooth muscle do in the bronchial wall?

Question 15

What does the mucous glands do in the bronchial wall?

Question 16

What does the Cilitated epithelia do in the respiratory epithelium?

Question 17

Describe the structure of the bronchioles

Answer 17

Lack cartilage support
Lined by respiratory epithelium
Proportionately more smooth muscle
Less than 1mm diameter

Question 18

Describe the structure of the Alveoli

Answer 18

Large surface area
Fed from terminal bronchiole
Thin walled

Question 19

Why does the bronchioles lack cartilage support?

Question 20

What are the two types of cells that create the air blood barrier?

Answer 20

Type 1 pnemuocytes
Type 2 pnemuocytes

Question 21

How is the air blood barrier adapted for efficient gas exchange? Air blood barrier or alveoli (for me)

Answer 21

It has a large surface area

Question 22

Are inspiration and expiration quiet or forced?

Answer 22

Both of these processes can be quiet (at rest) or forced (when active e.g. during exercise)

Question 23

What happens to the pressure during inspiration and expiration?

Answer 23

During inspiration: atmospheric pressure > alveoli pressure so air moves into the lungs
During expiration: Palv> Patmos so air moves out of the lungs

Question 24

What is involved in quiet inspiration?

Answer 24

The primary muscles of inspiration

Question 25

What happens to the diaphragm and external intercostals during inspiration? What is the effect?

Answer 25

Diaphragm contracts so moves down
External intercostals contracts so expands

Effect - increase thoracic and lung volume

Question 26

What body parts are involved in forced inspiration?

Question 27

What is involved in quiet expiration?

Answer 27

Passive process using elastic recoil

Relaxation of external intercostals muscles
Recoil of the lungs (elastic forces returning lungs to original size)
Diaphragm relaxes

Question 28

Which muscles are involved in forced expiration?

Answer 28

Accessory muscles
Internal intercostals
Abdominal muscles
Neck and back muscles

Question 29

What is the function of the pleura?

Answer 29

Pleural cavity filled with secretions
Prevents lungs from sticking to the chest wall
Enables free expansion and collapse of lungs

Question 30

What happens to the elastic nature of lungs at rest?

Answer 30

They would tend to cause them to collapse inwards

Question 31

What happens to the chest wall at rest ?

Answer 31

They would tend to expand

Question 32

At rest, why is the counterbalance pressure between lungs and the chest wall at rest important?

Answer 32

The counter forces (inwards of lungs and outwards of chest at rest) results the pressure in the intrapleural space to be less than the atmospheric pressure