L1 Introduction To Physiology Flashcards
Do you have a higher total body water % when you’re younger or older?
The younger you are, the higher the total the body water %
Nig
Do you have a higher total body water CONTENT when you’re older or younger?
The older you are, the higher the total body water content
What separates the intracellular fluid and extra cellular fluid?
Cell membranes
Is there more sodium ions in ICF or ECF and can you give me an example?
More sodium ions in the ECF.
3 Na+ out of cell, 2 K+ moves in but both against their concentration gradient
Area from low to high concentration
Is there more potassium ions in the ICF or ECF and can you give an example?
More potassium ions in the ICF
3 Na+ moves out of cell, 2 K+ moves into the cell both against their concentration gradients
Is there more calcium ions inside the ICF or ECF and can you give an example?
Calcium ions more in the ECF
Influx of Calcium 2+ moves into the cell which is triggered by the arrival of an action potential
Is there a higher concentration of chloride ions in ICF or ECF?
More in the ECF
What are the 4 essential components of a negative feedback loop?
1) Receptor - detects change in system
2) Control centre - receives information from sensor and compared it to a set point
3) Output signal - signal from control centre to effector
4) Effector - enables a change to return system to normal
What is the phospholipid bilayer impermeable to and permeable to? Can you give examples?
Impermeable to:
Large molecules e.g. proteins, nucleic acids
Cured, water soluble substances d.g. Ions
Permeable to:
Hydrophobic molecules e.g. O2, CO2, steroid hormones
What does fick’s law calculate and what is his equation?
Fick’s law calculates the rate of diffusion per unit area
Jx = Px (change in concentration)
Jx- flux
Px - permeability
What does Redundancy mean?
It means multiple mechanisms present for many vital parameters
What does mOsm stand for and is osmolality the same in the internal environment?
mOsm= milliosmoles per kg of water
Osmolality should be the same in the internal environment otherwise cells may shrivel or burst
What seperates the blood plasma and interstitial fluid (IF)?
The Capillary endothelium
Which part of a phospholipid is polar and non polar?
Hydrophilic head - polar
Hydrophobic tail - non polar
Define homeostasis
Homeostasis is the process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment, despite changes in their external environment.
