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Micro 2 > L21 Clostridium > Flashcards

L21 Clostridium Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium
Gram
oxygen
Special

A

Gram +
Strict anaerobe
Produce endospores

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2
Q

Clostridum difficile

Leading cause of

A

Nosocomial diarrhea

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3
Q

Clostridium difficile

Characteristics

A 
Pseudomembranous colits
(Yellow plaques containing fibrin and debris in uclers of colon mucosa)
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4
Q

C. difficile is harbored in dormant state in ______

A

large intestine

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5
Q

C. difficile and antibiotics

A

Spores resistant to antibiotics
Antibiotics kill other bacteria,
Now spores have more nutrients, vegetate, produce toxin

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6
Q

Does C. difficile invade the bowel wall?

A

no

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7
Q

C. difficile toxin A

A

Enterotoxin: fluid production, damage to mucosa

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8
Q

C. difficile toxin B

A

Cytotoxin: round of tissue culture cells

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9
Q

How do Toxins A and B act?

A

glycosylate GTP binding proteins in cytoplasm

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10
Q

C. perfringens is found

A

Intestinal tract of animals and

Every soil except Sahara desert sand

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11
Q

C. C. perfringens common mode of infection

A

wounds

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12
Q

Conditions for C. perfringens spore gemination (4)

A

Anaerobic
Compromised blood supply
Calcium ions
Availability of peptide and aminos

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13
Q

How many toxins does C. perfringens produce?

A

12

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14
Q

C. perfringens main toxin

A

Alpha-toxin (lecithinase)

Damages membranes, causes gangrene

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15
Q

Alpha-toxin
Types
What does it do

A

Phospholipase type C

Hydrolizes phosphatidylcholin and sphingomyelin

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16
Q

What is the only treatment for C. perfringens

A

Restoring arterial blood supply

17
Q

C. perfringens food poisoning toxin type

A

enterotoxin

18
Q

Clostridum botulinum spore and toxin

A

Heat resistant spores produce anaerobically

People then ingest the toxin (Neurotoxin)

19
Q

Botulinum toxin most common in humans

A

A, B, E

20
Q

900kDa BoNT composition

A

150 kDa Toxic component

750 kDa non-toxic component

21
Q

BoNT mechanism

A

zinc metalloprotease prevents release of acetylcholine (cranial nerves affected first)

22
Q

BoNT paralysis within ___ hours

A

12 to 36 hours

23
Q

Types of botulism

A

Food borne
Wound
Infant

24
Q

Infant botulism

A

infants younger than 1
Slow onset
Favorable outcome

25
Q

Curing BoNT

A

antitoxin from horses
No antibiotics b/c just toxin is present
Some muscles permanently damaged
25% mortality

26
Q

C. tetani normal location

A

GI tract of humans and animals

Soil samples

27
Q

C. tetani toxin

A

tetanospasmin

Two non toxic chains connected

28
Q

tetanospasmin mechanism

A

inhibits GABA –> spastic paralysis

29
Q

First sign of tetanus

A

trismus: lockjaw

30
Q

Tetanus toxid

A

formalin inactivated toxin that retains antigenicity

DPT vaccine

Micro 2 (11 decks)

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