L21 Flashcards
transitional
[træn’ziʃənəl] adj. 变迁的;过渡期的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or characterized by transition at this transitional point of its nightly roll into darkness?Thomas Hardy the Sudan is transitional between the hot desert T and the tropical rainy lands?D.D.Crary transitional between gothic and roman?J.C.Tarr this transitional stage has become terminal in some races?Weston La Barre an effective transitional passage T which leads to the entry of the second subject?Dyneley Hussey
2 usually capitalized a : MESOLITHIC b : of or relating to Maya culture of the period A.D. 900*987 and overlapping and following the final stages of the Old Empire period
transitoriness
[‘trænzitərinis] n. 短暂,暂时
Noun.: the quality or state of being transitory the sense of the impermanence of things, the transitoriness of life?Laurence Binyon
transitory
[‘trænsitəri, -zi-, ‘trɑ:n-] adj. 短暂的,暂时的;瞬息的
Adj.1 : tending to pass away : not persistent
2 : of brief duration : TEMPORARY the transitory nature of earthly joy
synonyms see TRANSIENT
translucent
[trænz’lju:sənt, træns-, trɑ:n-] adj. 透明的;半透明的
Adj.1 : permitting the passage of light: a : CLEAR, TRANSPARENT translucent water b : transmitting and diffusing light so that objects beyond cannot be seen clearly
2 : free from disguise or falseness his translucent patriotism ?Newsweek
synonyms see CLEAR
transmit
[trænz’mit, træns-, trɑ:n-] vt. 传输;传播;发射;传达;遗传
vi. 传输;发射信号
Transitive verb
1 a : to send or convey from one person or place to another : FORWARD b : to cause or allow to spread: as (1) : to convey by or as if by inheritance or heredity : HAND DOWN (2) : to convey (infection) abroad or to another
2 a (1) : to cause (as light or force) to pass or be conveyed through space or a medium (2) : to admit the passage of : CONDUCT glass transmits light b : to send out (a signal) either by radio waves or over a wire
intransitive verb : to send out a signal either by radio waves or over a wire
transmute
[trænz’mju:t, træns-, tra:n-] vt. 使变形;使变质
vi. 变形;变质
Transitive verb
1 : to change or alter in form, appearance, or nature and especially to a higher form
2 : to subject (as an element) to transmutation
intransitive verb : to undergo transmutation
synonyms see TRANSFORM
trauma
[‘trɔ:mə; ‘trau-] n. 创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤
Noun.1 a : an injury (as a wound) to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent b : a disordered psychic or behavioral state resulting from severe mental or emotional stress or physical injury c : an emotional upset the personal trauma of an executive who is not living up to his own expectations ?Karen W. Arenson
2 : an agent, force, or mechanism that causes trauma
treacherous
[‘tretʃərəs] adj. 奸诈的,叛逆的,背叛的;危险的;不牢靠的
Adj.1 : characterized by or manifesting treachery : PERFIDIOUS
2 a : likely to betray trust : UNRELIABLE a treacherous memory b : providing insecure footing or support treacherous quicksand c : marked by hidden dangers, hazards, or perils
synonyms see FAITHLESS
tread
[tred] n. 踏;胎面;步态;鞋底;踏板;梯级
vt. 踏;踩;践踏;跳;踩出
vi. 踏;踩;行走;交尾
Transitive verb
1 a : to step or walk on or over b : to walk or proceed along : FOLLOW treading a fine line between tradition and innovation
2 a : to beat or press with the feet : TRAMPLE b : to subdue or repress as if by trampling : CRUSH
3 : to copulate with ? used of a male bird
4 a : to form by treading : BEAT tread a path b : to execute by stepping or dancing tread a measure
intransitive verb
1 : to move or proceed on or as if on foot must tread lightly
2 a : to set foot has gone where others fear to tread b : to put one’s foot : STEP carelessly treading on the flowers
3 : COPULATE
Noun.1 : a mark (as a footprint or the imprint of a tire) made by or as if by treading
2 a (1) : the action of treading (2) : an act or instance of treading : STEP b : manner of stepping c : the sound of treading
3 a : the part of a shoe or boot sole that touches the ground; also : the pattern on the bottom of a sole b (1) : the part of a wheel or tire that makes contact with a road or rail (2) : the pattern of ridges or grooves made or cut in the face of a tire
4 : the distance between the points of contact with the ground of the two front wheels or the two rear wheels of a vehicle
5 a : the upper horizontal part of a step b : the width of such a tread
treatise
[‘tri:tiz, -tis] n. 论述;论文;专著
Noun.1 : a systematic exposition or argument in writing including a methodical discussion of the facts and principles involved and conclusions reached a treatise on higher education
2 obsolete : ACCOUNT, TALE
trenchant
[‘trentʃənt] adj. 尖刻的;锐利的;苛刻的;锋利的(名词trenchancy,副词trenchantly)
Adj.1 : KEEN, SHARP
2 : vigorously effective and articulate a trenchant analysis; also : CAUSTIC trenchant remarks
3 a : sharply perceptive : PENETRATING a trenchant view of current conditions b : CLEAR-CUT, DISTINCT the trenchant divisions between right and wrong ?Edith Wharton
trend
[trend] n. 趋势,倾向;走向
vi. 趋向,伸向
vt. 使…趋向
Intransitive verb.1 a : to extend in a general direction : follow a general course mountain ranges trending north and south b : to veer in a new direction : BEND a coastline that trends westward
2 a : to show a tendency : INCLINE prices trending upward b : to become deflected : SHIFT opinions trending toward conservatism
Noun.1 : a line of general direction or movement the trend of the coast turned toward the west
2 a : a prevailing tendency or inclination : DRIFT current trends in education b : a general movement : SWING the trend toward suburban living c : a current style or preference : VOGUE new fashion trends d : a line of development : APPROACH
3 : the general movement over time of a statistically detectable change; also : a statistical curve reflecting such a change
synonyms see TENDENCY
trendsetter
[‘trendsetə] n. 领导流行的人
Noun. : one that sets a trend
trepidation
[,trepideiʃən] n. 恐惧;惊恐;忧虑;颤抖
Noun.1 archaic : a tremulous motion : TREMOR
2 : timorous uncertain agitation : APPREHENSION trepidation about starting a new job
synonyms see FEAR
trespass
[‘trespəs, -pæs] vi. 侵入;犯罪;打扰;冒犯
n. 罪过;非法侵入;过失;擅自进入
Noun.1 a : a violation of moral or social ethics : TRANSGRESSION; especially : SIN b : an unwarranted infringement
2 a : an unlawful act committed on the person, property, or rights of another; especially : a wrongful entry on real property b : the legal action for injuries resulting from trespass
intransitive verb
1 a : ERR, SIN b : to make an unwarranted or uninvited incursion
2 : to commit a trespass; especially : to enter unlawfully upon the land of another
transitive verb : VIOLATE trespass the bounds of good taste
tribal
[‘traibəl] adj. 部落的;种族的
Adj. : of, relating to, or characteristic of a tribe tribal customs
Noun.: a member of an aboriginal people of India ? usually used in plural
tribulation
[,tribju’leiʃən] n. 苦难;磨难;忧患
Noun. : distress or suffering resulting from oppression or persecution; also : a trying experience the trials and tribulations of starting a new business
tributary
[‘tribjutəri] adj. 纳贡的;附属的;辅助的
n. 支流;进贡国;附属国
Adj.1 : paying tribute to another to acknowledge submission, to obtain protection, or to purchase peace : SUBJECT
2 : paid or owed as tribute tributary gifts
3 : channeling material or supplies into something more inclusive : CONTRIBUTORY
Noun.1 : a ruler or state that pays tribute to a conqueror
2 : a stream feeding a larger stream or a lake
trickle
[‘trikl] vi. 滴;细细地流;慢慢地移动
vt. 使…滴;使…淌;使…细细地流
n. 滴,淌;细流
Intransitive verb.1 a : to issue or fall in drops b : to flow in a thin gentle stream
2 a : to move or go one by one or little by little customers began to trickle in b : to dissipate slowly his enthusiasm trickled away
Noun.: a thin, slow, or intermittent stream or movement
tricky
[‘triki] adj. 狡猾的;机警的
Adj.1 : inclined to or marked by trickery
2 a : giving a deceptive impression of easiness, simplicity, or order : TICKLISH a tricky path through the swamp b : TRICK 3
3 : requiring skill, knack, or caution (as in doing or handling) : DIFFICULT a tricky problem; also : INGENIOUS a tricky rhythm
synonyms see SLY
trigger
[‘triɡə] vt. 引发,引起;触发
vi. 松开扳柄
n. 扳机;触发器;制滑机
Noun.1 a : a piece (as a lever) connected with a catch or detent as a means of releasing it; especially : the part of the action moved by the finger to fire a gun b : a similar movable part by which a mechanism is actuated trigger of a spray gun
2 : something that acts like a mechanical trigger in initiating a process or reaction
transitive verb
1 a : to release or activate by means of a trigger; especially : to fire by pulling a mechanical trigger trigger a rifle b : to cause the explosion of trigger a missile with a proximity fuse
2 : to initiate, actuate, or set off by a trigger an indiscreet remark that triggered a fight a stimulus that triggered a reflex
intransitive verb : to release a mechanical trigger
trilogy
[‘trilədʒi] n. 三部曲;三部剧
Noun.: a series of three dramas or literary works or sometimes three musical compositions that are closely related and develop a single theme
trite
[trait] adj. 陈腐的;平庸的;老一套的
Adj.: hackneyed or boring from much use : not fresh or original
triumph
[‘traiəmf, -ʌmf] n. 胜利,凯旋;欢欣
vi. 获得胜利,成功
Noun.1 : a ceremony attending the entering of Rome by a general who had won a decisive victory over a foreign enemy ? compare OVATION 1
2 : the joy or exultation of victory or success
3 a : a victory or conquest by or as if by military force b : a notable success the party was a triumph
Intransitive verb.1 : to obtain victory : PREVAIL
2 a : to receive the honor of a triumph b : to celebrate victory or success boastfully or exultingly
trivial
[‘triviəl] adj. 不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的
Adj.1 : COMMONPLACE, ORDINARY
2 a : of little worth or importance a trivial objection trivial problems b : relating to or being the mathematically simplest case; specifically : characterized by having all variables equal to zero a trivial solution to a linear equation
3 : SPECIFIC 4
truce
[tru:s] n. 停战;休战;休战协定
vt. 以休战结束;停止争执
vi. 停战
Noun.1 : a suspension of fighting especially of considerable duration by agreement of opposing forces : ARMISTICE, CEASE-FIRE
2 : a respite especially from a disagreeable or painful state or action
intransitive verb : to make a truce
transitive verb : to end with a truce
truculence
[‘trʌkjuləns, ‘tru:-] n. 野蛮;好战;刻薄;致命性(等于truculency)
Noun.: the quality or state of being truculent
truculent
[‘trʌkjulənt, ‘tru:-] adj. 好斗的;野蛮的;言词刻毒的
Adj.1 : feeling or displaying ferocity : CRUEL, SAVAGE
2 : DEADLY, DESTRUCTIVE
3 : scathingly harsh : VITRIOLIC truculent criticism
4 : aggressively self-assertive : BELLIGERENT
truncate
[‘trʌŋkeit, trʌŋ’keit, ‘trʌŋk-] adj. 截短的;被删节的
vt. 把…截短;缩短;[物]使成平面
Adj.: having the end square or even truncate leaves
vt.1 : to shorten by or as if by cutting off
2 : to replace (an edge or corner of a crystal) by a plane
trustworthy
[‘trʌst,wə:ði] adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
Adj. : worthy of confidence : DEPENDABLE a trustworthy guide trustworthy information
turbulent
[‘tə:bjulənt] adj. 骚乱的,混乱的;狂暴的;吵闹的
Adj. : causing unrest, violence, or disturbance a set of mischievous, turbulent rebels ?Anne Brnte*
2 a : characterized by agitation or tumult : TEMPESTUOUS a turbulent marriage b : exhibiting physical turbulence turbulent air
turmoil
[‘tə:mɔil] n. 混乱,骚动
Noun.: a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion
tussle
[‘tʌsl] vi. 打斗;扭打;剧烈的斗争
n. 争斗,扭打
Noun.1 : a physical contest or struggle : SCUFFLE
2 : an intense argument, controversy, or struggle
Intransitive verb. : to struggle roughly : SCUFFLE
typify
[‘tipifai] vt. 代表;作为…的典型;具有…的特点
vt.1 : to represent in typical fashion : to constitute a typical mark or instance of realismTthat typified his earlier work ?Current Biography
2 : to embody the essential or salient characteristics of : be the type of
typographical
[‘taipə’græfikəl] adj. 印刷上的;排字上的
tyrannical
[ti’rænikəl, tai-] adj. 残暴的;暴君的;专横的
Adj.: being or characteristic of a tyrant or tyranny : DESPOTIC tyrannical rule a tyrannical ruler
tyrant
[‘tairənt] n. 暴君
Noun.1 a : an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or constitution b : a usurper of sovereignty
2 a : a ruler who exercises absolute power oppressively or brutally b : one resembling an oppressive ruler in the harsh use of authority or power
ubiquitous
[ju:’bikwitəs] adj. 普遍存在的;无所不在的
Adj.: existing or being everywhere at the same time : constantly encountered : WIDESPREAD a ubiquitous fashion
ulterior
[ʌl’tɪərɪə] adj. 将来的,较远的;在那边的;隐秘不明的
Adj.1 a : FURTHER, FUTURE b : more distant : REMOTER c : situated on the farther side : THITHER
2 : going beyond what is openly said or shown and especially what is proper ulterior motives
ultimate
[‘ʌltimət] adj. 最终的;极限的;根本的
n. 终极;根本;基本原则
Adj.1 a : most remote in space or time : FARTHEST b : last in a progression or series : FINAL their ultimate destination was Paris c : EVENTUAL 2 they hoped for ultimate success d : the best or most extreme of its kind : UTMOST the ultimate sacrifice
2 : arrived at as the last result the ultimate question
3 a : BASIC, FUNDAMENTAL the ultimate nature of things ?A. N. Whitehead b : ORIGINAL 1 the ultimate source c : incapable of further analysis, division, or separation
4 : MAXIMUM 1
synonyms see LAST
Noun.1 : something ultimate; especially : FUNDAMENTAL
2 : ACME
Verb. : END
ultimately
[‘ʌltimətli] adv. 最后;根本;基本上
Adv.1 : in the end : FUNDAMENTALLY the word comes ultimately from Latin
2 : EVENTUALLY ultimately, they agreed
ultimatum
[ʌltɪ’meɪtəm] n. 最后通牒;最后结论;基本原理
Noun.: a final proposition, condition, or demand; especially : one whose rejection will end negotiations and cause a resort to force or other direct action
ultrasonic
[,ʌltrə’sɔnik] adj. 超声的;超音速的
n. 超声波
Adj.1 : having a frequency above the human ear’s audibility limit of about 20,000 hertz ? used of waves and vibrations
2 : utilizing, produced by, or relating to ultrasonic waves or vibrations ultrasonic testing of metal
umbrage
[‘ʌmbridʒ] n. 不快,生气;树荫;怀疑
Noun.1 : SHADE, SHADOW
2 : shady branches : FOLIAGE
3 a : an indistinct indication : vague suggestion : HINT b : a reason for doubt : SUSPICION
4 : a feeling of pique or resentment at some often fancied slight or insult took umbrage at the speaker’s remarks
synonyms see OFFENSE
unadorned
[ʌnə’dɔːnd] adj. 朴素的;未装饰的
Adj. : not adorned : lacking embellishment or decoration : PLAIN, SIMPLE
unaesthetic
[,ʌni:s’θetik] adj. 无美感的;缺乏美感的
Adj.: inaesthetic
unalterable
[ʌn’ɔ:ltərəbl] adj. 不能改变的;坚定不移的
Adj. : not capable of being altered or changed an unalterable resolve unalterable hatred
unarticulated
Adj.表达不清的,说不清
Adj. : not articulated; especially : not carefully reasoned or analyzed
unavoidable
[,ʌnə’vɔidəbl] adj. 不可避免的;不能废除的
Adj. : not avoidable : INEVITABLE the accident was unavoidable
unbecoming
[,ʌnbi’kʌmiŋ] adj. 不适当的,不相称的;不合身的,不得体的
Adj. : not becoming an unbecoming dress; especially : not according with the standards appropriate to one’s position or condition of life unbecoming conduct
synonyms see INDECOROUS
unbiased
[,ʌn’baiəst] adj. 公正的;无偏见的
Adj.1 : free from bias; especially : free from all prejudice and favoritism : eminently fair an unbiased opinion
2 : having an expected value equal to a population parameter being estimated an unbiased estimate of the population mean
synonyms see FAIR
unbridgeable
[‘ʌn’bridʒəbl] adj. 不能架桥的;不能逾越的
Adj. not bridgeable an unbridgeable stream the unbridgeable gap between the experiences and attitudes of frontline soldiers and of the civilians back home?R.G.Davis
unbridled
[ʌn’braɪd(ə)ld] adj. 放肆的;无拘束的;激烈的
v. 放纵(unbridle的过去分词形式);卸下马辔头
Adj.1 : UNRESTRAINED unbridled enthusiasm
2 : not confined by a bridle
unbroken
[,ʌn’brəukən] adj. 未破损的,完整的;继续的;未被阻断的
Adj.: not broken: as a : not violated b : WHOLE, INTACT c : not subdued : UNTAMED; especially : not trained for service or use unbroken colts d : CONTINUOUS miles of unbroken forest e : not plowed f : not disorganized advanced in unbroken ranks
uncanny
[,ʌn’kæni] adj. 神秘的;离奇的;可怕的
Adj.1 a : seeming to have a supernatural character or origin : EERIE, MYSTERIOUS b : being beyond what is normal or expected : suggesting superhuman or supernatural powers an uncanny sense of direction
2 chiefly Scottish : SEVERE, PUNISHING
synonyms see WEIRD
uncharitable
[,ʌn’tʃæritəbl] adj. 严厉的;无情的;不宽恕的;无慈悲心的
Adj. : lacking in charity : severe in judging : HARSH uncharitable comments
uncharted
[,ʌn’tʃɑ:tid] adj. 未知的;图上未标明的
Adj. : not recorded or plotted on a map, chart, or plan an uncharted island; broadly : UNKNOWN a discussion moving into uncharted territory
uncommitted
[,ʌnkə’mitid] adj. 不受约束的;(犯罪)未遂的;未被监禁的;自由的;不负义务的
Adj.: not committed; specifically : not pledged to a particular belief, allegiance, or program uncommitted voters
uncommunicative
[,ʌnkə’mju:nikətiv] adj. 沉默寡言的,拘礼的
Adj. : not disposed to talk or impart information : RESERVED
uncompromising
[ʌn’kɒmprəmaɪzɪŋ] adj. 不妥协的,不让步的;坚定的
Adj.: not making or accepting a compromise : making no concessions : INFLEXIBLE, UNYIELDING