L17 Flashcards
redirect
[,ri:di’rekt, -dai-] vt. 使改方向;重新寄送
adj. [律]再直接的
n. [律]再直接询问
vt. : to change the course or direction of
redistribution
[,ri:distri’bju:ʃən] n. 重新分配
Transitive verb.1 : to alter the distribution of : REALLOCATE
2 : to spread to other areas
redundant
[ri’dʌndənt] adj. 多余的,过剩的;[主英]被解雇的,失业的;冗长的,累赘的
Adj.1 a : exceeding what is necessary or normal : SUPERFLUOUS b : characterized by or containing an excess; specifically : using more words than necessary c : characterized by similarity or repetition a group of particularly redundant brick buildings d chiefly British : no longer needed for a job and hence laid off
2 : PROFUSE, LAVISH
3 : serving as a duplicate for preventing failure of an entire system (as a spacecraft) upon failure of a single component
reenact
[,ri:i’nækt, -e’n-] vt. 重新制定;再扮演;再制定
vt.1 : to enact (as a law) again
2 : to act or perform again
3 : to repeat the actions of (an earlier event or incident)
reexamination
[‘riːɪɡ,zæmɪ’neɪʃən] n. 再检查,再调查;重考
Prefix.1 : again : anew retell
2 : back : backward recall
referent
[‘refərənt] n. 指示物;指示对象
Noun. : one that refers or is referred to; especially : the thing that a symbol (as a word or sign) stands for
reflective
[ri’flektiv] adj. 反射的;反映的;沉思的
Adj.1 : capable of reflecting light, images, or sound waves
2 : marked by reflection : THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE
3 : of, relating to, or caused by reflection reflective glare
4 : REFLEXIVE 3
5 : reflecting something : INDICATIVE how fashion is reflective of society ?Glenda Bailey
refractory
[ri’fræktəri] adj. 难治的;难熔的;不听话的
n. 倔强的人;耐火物质
Adj.1 : resisting control or authority : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE
2 a : resistant to treatment or cure a refractory lesion b : unresponsive to stimulus c : IMMUNE, INSUSCEPTIBLE after recovery they were refractory to infection
3 : difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out; especially : capable of enduring high temperature
refrain
[,ri:’frein] vi. 节制,克制;避免;制止
n. 叠句,副歌;重复
Verb.transitive verb archaic : CURB, RESTRAIN
intransitive verb : to keep oneself from doing, feeling, or indulging in something and especially from following a passing impulse refrained from having dessert
n.: a regularly recurring phrase or verse especially at the end of each stanza or division of a poem or song : CHORUS; also : the musical setting of a refrain
refrigerate
[ri’fridʒəreit, ri:-] vt. 冷藏,冷冻;使冷却;使清凉
vt. : to make or keep cold or cool; specifically : to freeze or chill (as food) for preservation
regale
[ri’ɡeil, ri:-] vt. 盛情款待
vi. 享用;享受
n. 款待
Transitive verb
1 : to entertain sumptuously : feast with delicacies
2 : to give pleasure or amusement to regaled us with tall tales
intransitive verb : to feast oneself : FEED
Noun.1 : a sumptuous feast
2 : a choice piece especially of food
regenerate
[ri’dʒenəreit, ri:-] vt. 使再生;革新
vi. 再生;革新
adj. 再生的;革新的
Adj.1 : formed or created again
2 : spiritually reborn or converted
3 : restored to a better, higher, or more worthy state
intransitive verb
1 : to become formed again
2 : to become regenerate : REFORM
3 : to undergo regeneration
transitive verb
1 a : to subject to spiritual regeneration b : to change radically and for the better
2 a : to generate or produce anew; especially : to replace (a body part) by a new growth of tissue b : to produce again chemically sometimes in a physically changed form
3 : to restore to original strength or properties
Noun.: one that is regenerated: as a : an individual who is spiritually reborn b (1) : an organism that has undergone regeneration (2) : a regenerated body part
regimental
[,redʒi’mentəl] adj. 团的
n. 团;军服
Adj.1 : of or relating to a regiment
2 : AUTHORITATIVE, DICTATORIAL
regressive
[ri’ɡresiv] adj. 回归的;后退的;退化的
Adj.1 : tending to regress or produce regression
2 : being, characterized by, or developing in the course of an evolutionary process involving increasing simplification of bodily structure
3 : decreasing in rate as the base increases a regressive tax
regretfully
[rɪ’ɡrɛtfəli] adv. 懊悔地,遗憾地;抱歉地
Adv.1 : with regret
2 : it is to be regretted
regulatory
[‘reɡjulətəri] adj. 管理的;控制的;调整的
vt.1 a : to govern or direct according to rule b (1) : to bring under the control of law or constituted authority (2) : to make regulations for or concerning regulate the industries of a country
2 : to bring order, method, or uniformity to regulate one’s habits
3 : to fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of regulate the pressure of a tire
rehabilitate
[,ri:hə’biliteit] vt. 使康复;使恢复名誉;使恢复原状
vi. 复兴;复权;恢复正常生活
vt.1 a : to restore to a former capacity : REINSTATE b : to restore to good repute : reestablish the good name of
2 a : to restore to a former state (as of efficiency, good management, or solvency) rehabilitate slum areas b : to restore or bring to a condition of health or useful and constructive activity
reigning
[‘reiniŋ] adj. 统治的;在位的;本届的;起支配作用的
v. 统治;支配;盛行(reign的ing形式)
Intransitive verb.1 a : to possess or exercise sovereign power : RULE b : to hold office as chief of state although possessing little governing power in England the sovereign reigns but does not rule
2 : to exercise authority in the manner of a monarch
3 : to be predominant or prevalent chaos reigned in the classroom
reimburse
[,ri:im’bə:s] vt. 偿还;赔偿
vt.1 : to pay back to someone : REPAY reimburse travel expenses
2 : to make restoration or payment of an equivalent to reimburse him for his traveling expenses
reinstate
[,ri:in’steit] vt. 使恢复;使复原
vt.1 : to place again (as in possession or in a former position)
2 : to restore to a previous effective state
reiterate
[ri:’itəreit] vt. 重申;反复地做
vt. : to state or do over again or repeatedly sometimes with wearying effect
rekindle
[,ri:’kindl] vi. 重新点燃
vt. 重新点燃;再点火
Prefix.1 : again : anew retell
2 : back : backward recall
relegate
[‘reliɡeit] vt. 把降低到;归入;提交
vt.1 : to send into exile : BANISH
2 : ASSIGN: as a : to assign to a place of insignificance or of oblivion : put out of sight or mind b : to assign to an appropriate place or situation on the basis of classification or appraisal c : to submit to someone or something for appropriate action : DELEGATE d : to transfer (a sports team) to a lower ranking division
relent
[ri'lent] vi. 变温和,变宽厚;减弱;缓和 vt. 使变温和;减轻 v. 再借给(relend的过去分词) Intransitive verb 1 a : to become less severe, harsh, or strict usually from reasons of humanity b : to cease resistance : GIVE IN 2 : LET UP, SLACKEN transitive verb , obsolete : SOFTEN, MOLLIFY synonyms see YIELD
relentless
[ri’lentlis] adj. 无情的;残酷的;不间断的
Adj. : showing or promising no abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace : UNRELENTING relentless pressure a relentless campaign
relevance
[‘relivəns] n. 关联;适当;中肯
Noun.1 a : relation to the matter at hand b : practical and especially social applicability : PERTINENCE giving relevance to college courses
2 : the ability (as of an information retrieval system) to retrieve material that satisfies the needs of the user
reliable
[ri’laiəbl] adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
n. 可靠的人
Adj. : suitable or fit to be relied on : DEPENDABLE
2 : giving the same result on successive trials
Noun. : one that is reliable
relieve
[ri’li:v] vt. 解除,减轻;使不单调乏味;换…的班;解围;使放心
Transitive verb
1 a : to free from a burden : give aid or help to b : to set free from an obligation, condition, or restriction c : to ease of a burden, wrong, or oppression by judicial or legislative interposition
2 a : to bring about the removal or alleviation of : MITIGATE helps relieve stress b : ROB, DEPRIVE relieved us of our belongings
3 a : to release from a post, station, or duty b : to take the place of will relieve the starting pitcher
4 : to remove or lessen the monotony of a park relieves the urban landscape
5 a : to set off by contrast b : to raise in relief
6 : to discharge the bladder or bowels of (oneself)
intransitive verb
1 : to bring or give relief
2 : to stand out in relief
3 : to serve as a relief pitcher
relieved
[ri’li:vd] adj. 放心的
v. 减轻;解除(relieve的过去分词)
Adj. : experiencing or showing relief especially from anxiety or pent-up emotions
religion
[ri’lidʒən] n. 宗教;宗教信仰
Noun.1 a : the state of a religious a nun in her 20th year of religion b (1) : the service and worship of God or the supernatural (2) : commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance
2 : a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices
3 archaic : scrupulous conformity : CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
4 : a cause, principle, or system of beliefs held to with ardor and faith
relinquish
[ri’liŋkwiʃ] vt. 放弃;放手;让渡
vt.1 : to withdraw or retreat from : leave behind
2 : GIVE UP relinquish a title
3 a : to stop holding physically : RELEASE slowly relinquished his grip on the bar b : to give over possession or control of : YIELD few leaders willingly relinquish power
relish
[‘reliʃ] n. 滋味;风味;食欲;开胃小菜;含义
vt. 品味;喜爱;给…加佐料
vi. 有特定意味;味道可口
noun.1 : characteristic flavor; especially : pleasing or zestful flavor
2 : a quantity just sufficient to flavor or characterize : TRACE
3 a : enjoyment of or delight in something that satisfies one’s tastes, inclinations, or desires eat with great relish b : a strong liking : INCLINATION has little relish for sports
4 a : something adding a zestful flavor; especially : a condiment (as of pickles or green tomatoes) eaten with other food to add flavor b : APPETIZER, HORS D’OEUVRE
transitive verb
1 : to add relish to
2 : to be pleased or gratified by : ENJOY
3 : to eat or drink with pleasure
4 : to appreciate with taste and discernment
intransitive verb : to have a characteristic or pleasing taste
reluctance
[ri’lʌktəns] n. [电]磁阻;勉强;不情愿
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being reluctant
2 : the opposition offered in a magnetic circuit to magnetic flux; specifically : the ratio of the magnetic potential difference to the corresponding flux
remarkable
[ri’mɑ:kəbl] adj. 卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的
Adj.: worthy of being or likely to be noticed especially as being uncommon or extraordinary
synonyms see NOTICEABLE
reminiscent
[remɪ'nɪs(ə)nt] n. 回忆录作者;回忆者 adj. 怀旧的,回忆往事的;耽于回想的 Adj.1 : of the character of or relating to reminiscence 2 : marked by or given to reminiscence 3 : tending to remind : SUGGESTIVE
remiss
[ri’mis] adj. 怠慢的;迟缓的;不小心的
Adj.1 : negligent in the performance of work or duty : CARELESS
2 : showing neglect or inattention : LAX
synonyms see NEGLIGENT
remorse
[ri’mɔ:s] n. 懊悔;同情
Noun.1 : a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs : SELF-REPROACH
2 obsolete : COMPASSION
synonyms see PENITENCE
remorselessly
[ri’mɔ:slisli] adv. 无悔意地;冷酷地
Adj.1 : having no remorse : MERCILESS
2 : RELENTLESS
remote
[ri’məut] adj. 遥远的;偏僻的;疏远的
n. 远程
Adj.1 : separated by an interval or space greater than usual an involucre remote from the flower
2 : far removed in space, time, or relation : DIVERGENT the remote past comments remote from the truth
3 : OUT-OF-THE-WAY, SECLUDED a remote cabin in the hills
4 : acting, acted on, or controlled indirectly or from a distance remote computer operation; also : relating to the acquisition of information about a distant object (as by radar or photography) without coming into physical contact with it remote sensing
5 : not arising from a primary or proximate action
6 : small in degree : SLIGHT a remote possibility hadn’t the remotest idea of what was going on
7 : distant in manner : ALOOF
Noun.1 : a radio or television program or a portion of a program originating outside the studio
2 : REMOTE CONTROL 2
remoteness
[ri’məutnis] n. 遥远;偏僻;细微;时间久远
Noun.: the quality or state of being remote
remunerative
[rɪ’mjuːn(ə)rətɪv] adj. 有利可图的;有报酬的;合算的
Adj.1 : serving to remunerate
2 : providing remuneration : PROFITABLE
render
[‘rendə] vt. 致使;提出;实施;着色;以…回报
vi. 给予补偿
n. 打底;交纳;粉刷
Transitive verb
1 a : to melt down render suet; also : to extract by melting render lard b : to treat so as to convert into industrial fats and oils or fertilizer
2 a : to transmit to another : DELIVER b : GIVE UP, YIELD c : to furnish for consideration, approval, or information: as (1) : to hand down (a legal judgment) (2) : to agree on and report (a verdict)
3 a : to give in return or retribution b (1) : GIVE BACK, RESTORE (2) : REFLECT, ECHO c : to give in acknowledgment of dependence or obligation : PAY d : to do (a service) for another
4 a (1) : to cause to be or become : MAKE enough rainfallTto render irrigation unnecessary ?P. E. James rendered him helpless (2) : IMPART b (1) : to reproduce or represent by artistic or verbal means : DEPICT (2) : to give a performance of (3) : to produce a copy or version of the documents are rendered in the original French (4) : to execute the motions of render a salute c : TRANSLATE
5 : to direct the execution of : ADMINISTER render justice
6 : to apply a coat of plaster or cement directly to
intransitive verb : to give recompense
Noun. : a return especially in goods or services due from a feudal tenant to his lord
renegade
[‘reniɡeid] n. 叛徒;变节者;脱党者
vi. 背叛;脱离
adj. 叛徒的;背弃的;脱离的
Noun.1 : a deserter from one faith, cause, or allegiance to another
2 : an individual who rejects lawful or conventional behavior
Intransitive verb. : to become a renegade
Adj.1 : having deserted a faith, cause, or religion for a hostile one
2 : having rejected tradition : UNCONVENTIONAL
renewal
[ri’nju:əl] n. 更新,恢复;复兴;补充;革新;续借;重申
Noun.1 : the act or process of renewing : REPETITION
2 : the quality or state of being renewed
3 : something (as a subscription to a magazine) renewed
4 : something used for renewing; specifically : an expenditure that betters existing fixed assets
5 : the rebuilding of a large area (as of a city) by a public authority
renounce
[ri’nauns] vt. 宣布放弃;与…断绝关系;垫牌
vi. [律]放弃权利;垫牌
n. 垫牌
Transitive verb
1 : to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal declaration renounce his errors
2 : to refuse to follow, obey, or recognize any further : REPUDIATE renounce the authority of the church
intransitive verb
1 : to make a renunciation
2 : to fail to follow suit in a card game
synonyms see ABDICATE, ABJURE
renown
[ri'naun] n. 声誉;名望 vt. 使有声望 Noun.1 : a state of being widely acclaimed and highly honored : FAME 2 obsolete : REPORT, RUMOR vt. : to give renown to
renowned
[ri’naund] adj. 著名的;有声望的
v. 使有声誉(renown的过去分词)
Adj. : having renown : CELEBRATED
synonyms see FAMOUS
reparable
[‘repərəbl] adj. 可修缮的;可补偿的;可挽回的
Adj.: capable of being repaired
reparation
[,repə’reiʃən] n. 赔偿;修理;赔款
Noun.1 a : a repairing or keeping in repair b plural : REPAIRS
2 a : the act of making amends, offering expiation, or giving satisfaction for a wrong or injury b : something done or given as amends or satisfaction
3 : the payment of damages : INDEMNIFICATION; specifically : compensation in money or materials payable by a defeated nation for damages to or expenditures sustained by another nation as a result of hostilities with the defeated nation ? usually used in plural
repeal
[ri’pi:l] vt. 废除;撤销;废止;放弃;否定
n. 废除;撤销
vt.1 : to rescind or annul by authoritative act; especially : to revoke or abrogate by legislative enactment
2 : ABANDON, RENOUNCE
3 obsolete : to summon to return : RECALL
repel
[ri’pel] vt. 击退;抵制;使厌恶;使不愉快
Transitive verb
1 a : to drive back : REPULSE b : to fight against : RESIST
2 : TURN AWAY, REJECT repelled the insinuation
3 a : to drive away : DISCOURAGE foul words and frowns must not repel a lover ?Shakespeare b : to be incapable of adhering to, mixing with, taking up, or holding c : to force away or apart or tend to do so by mutual action at a distance
4 : to cause aversion in : DISGUST
intransitive verb : to cause aversion
repellent
[ri’pelənt] adj. 排斥的;防水的;弹回的;令人讨厌的
n. 防护剂;防水布;排斥力
Adj.1 : serving or tending to drive away or ward off ? often used in combination a mosquito-repellent spray
2 : arousing aversion or disgust : REPULSIVE
Noun. : something that repels; especially : a substance that repels insects
repertoire
[‘repətwɑ:] n. 全部节目;计算机指令系统;(美)某人或机器的全部技能
Noun.1 a : a list or supply of dramas, operas, pieces, or parts that a company or person is prepared to perform b : a supply of skills, devices, or expedients part of the repertoire of a quarterback; broadly : AMOUNT, SUPPLY an endless repertoire of summer clothes c : a list or supply of capabilities the instruction repertoire of a computer
2 a : the complete list or supply of dramas, operas, or musical works available for performance our modern orchestral repertoire b : the complete list or supply of skills, devices, or ingredients used in a particular field, occupation, or practice the repertoire of literary criticism
repetition
[,repi’tiʃən] n. 重复;背诵;副本
Noun.1 a : the act or an instance of repeating or being repeated b : a motion or exercise (as a push-up) that is repeated and usually counted
2 : MENTION, RECITAL
repetitious
[,repi’tiʃəs] adj. 重复的;唠唠叨叨的
Adj. : characterized or marked by repetition; especially : tediously repeating
repetitive
[ri’petətiv] adj. 重复的
Adj.1 : REPETITIOUS
2 : containing repetition
replenish
[ri’pleniʃ] vt. 补充,再装满;把…装满;给…添加燃料
Transitive verb
1 a : to fill with persons or animals : STOCK b archaic : to supply fully : PERFECT c : to fill with inspiration or power : NOURISH
2 a : to fill or build up again replenished his glass b : to make good : REPLACE
intransitive verb : to become full : fill up again
replete
[ri'pli:t] adj. 充满的;装满的 n. 贮蜜蚁 Adj.1 : fully or abundantly provided or filled *a book replete withTdelicious details ?William Safire* 2 a : abundantly fed b : FAT, STOUT 3 : COMPLETE synonyms see FULL
replicate
[‘replikit, ‘replikeit] vt. 复制;折叠
vi. 重复;折转
adj. 复制的;折叠的
n. 复制品;八音阶间隔的反覆音
Transitive verb : DUPLICATE, REPEAT replicate a statistical experiment replicated his mentor’s writing style
intransitive verb : to undergo replication : produce a replica of itself virus particles replicating in cells
Adj. : MANIFOLD, REPEATED
Noun. : one of several identical experiments, procedures, or samples