L12: Consciousness And Sleep

Question 1

What is an illusion

Answer 1

Abnormal perception of external stimulus

Question 2

What can illusion be

Answer 2

Completion
Affective
Pareldolia

Question 3

What is completion

Answer 3

Illusion to fill in gaps

Question 4

What is affective

Answer 4

Dependent on mood e.g a frightened kid sees a towel as person

Question 5

What is paraldolia

Answer 5

Imagines seen abstract shapes due to fantasy thinking

Question 6

What is hallucination

Answer 6

Perception in the absence of an external stimulus without subjective control

Question 7

What are the forms of hallucination

Answer 7

See

Hear

Question 8

What is organic hallucinations due to

Answer 8

Brain pathology due to tumour, stroke and acute confusional state

Question 9

What is non organic hallucination due to

Answer 9

Mental health conditions e.g schizophrenia

Question 10

What are the causes of hallucination

Answer 10

Organic

Non organic

Question 11

What are the forms of point of view of hallucinations

Answer 11

2nd person
3rd person
Running commentary

Question 12

What is 2nd person hallucination

Answer 12

A voice is speaking to you

Question 13

What is 3rd person hallucinations

Answer 13

2 people are talking about you but not directly to you

Question 14

What is running commentary in hallucinations

Answer 14

Listening to someone commenting

Question 15

What can visual hallucinations be

Answer 15

Simple

Complex

Question 16

What is simple visual hallucinations

Answer 16

Flashes light

Question 17

What is complex visual hallucinations

Answer 17

Sensory modalities and moving images

Question 18

What is possivity

Answer 18

A sensation of someone invading your body

Question 19

What is gustatory hallucinations

Answer 19

An abnormal taste

Question 20

What is olfactory hallucination

Answer 20

An abnormal smell

Question 21

What is the definition of consicousness

Answer 21

A level of arousal and awareness of self and environment

Question 22

What are the 3 dimensions of consciousness

Answer 22

1) coma, vegetative state and minimally conscious state
2) dissociative disorders
3) sleep

Question 23

What are the 3 phases from consciousness to coma

Answer 23

1) clouding
2) drowsiness
3) coma

Question 24

What is clouding

Answer 24

Disorientation

Impaired attention and concentration

Question 25

What is drowsiness

Answer 25

Tendency to drift to sleep without sensory stimulation Slow actions Slurred speech Reduced flexes

Question 26

What is coma

Answer 26

No eye opening No verbal response No motor response

Question 27

When is prolonged disorders of consciousness diagnosed for

Answer 27

More than 4 weeks

Question 28

When is a non traumatic injury considered to be permanent

Answer 28

More than 6 months

Question 29

When is traumatic injury considered to be permanent

Answer 29

When more than 12 months

Question 30

What is coma

Answer 30

No arousal | No awareness

Question 31

What is vegetative state

Answer 31

Auroral and no awareness

Question 32

What is minimally conscious state

Answer 32

Arousal with minimal awareness

Question 33

In com do we expect to have eye opening

Answer 33

No

Question 34

In vegetative state is there eye opening

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

Is vegetative state is there sleep wake cycles

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

In vegetative state is there visual tracking

Answer 36

No

Question 37

In minimally conscious state is there eye opening

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

In minimally conscious state is there sleep wake cycles

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

In minimally conscious state is there visual tracking

Answer 39

Often yes

Question 40

In vegetative state what would the person not show

Answer 40

Voluntary behaviour | No language

Question 41

In minimally conscious state what has the awareness has to be

Answer 41

Reproducible but can be inconsistent

Question 42

What can cause prolonged disorders of consciousness

Answer 42

``` Trauma Vascular event Hypoxic Infection Toxic i.e drugs or alcohol poisoning ```

Question 43

What type of injury has the lowest chance of recovery

Answer 43

Non traumatic injury compared to traumatic

Question 44

What are dissociative disorders

Answer 44

A group of disorders characterised by disruption in the integrated functions of consciousness, memory and identity and perception of environment.

Question 45

What is dissociative disorder considered to be a mechanism of

Answer 45

Mechanism of coping with stress by dissociating e.g for denial that is it not happening to them

Question 46

What are the known dissociative disorder

Answer 46

Depersonalisation- derealisation disorder Dissociative amnesia Dissociative identity disorder

Question 47

What does depersonalisation mean

Answer 47

Out of body experienced, someone is detached from their thoughts and feelings

Question 48

What is derealisation

Answer 48

World around is unreal, people see objects as foggy

Question 49

What is dissociative amnesia

Answer 49

When people cannot remember information about themselves or events in their past life

Question 50

What is dissociative identity disorder

Answer 50

Memory gaps about everyday events and personal information

Question 51

What is the behavioural definition of sleep

Answer 51

Recurrent regular reversible state characterised by quiescence and diminished response to external cues

Question 52

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus involved in

Answer 52

Circadian rhythms that drives sleep

Question 53

What does rising adenosine levels do

Answer 53

Makes you want to sleep

Question 54

What is caffeine

Answer 54

An adenosine antagonist

Question 55

What is the 2 types of sleep that we have

Answer 55

REM sleep | Non rem sleep

Question 56

Which neurotransmitters are involved in non rem sleep

Answer 56

GABA (aminergic)

Question 57

Which neurotransmitter is involved in rem sleep

Answer 57

Ach

Question 58

As we age what happens to our sleep

Answer 58

REM sleep decreases

Question 59

What a re the functions of sleep

Answer 59

Immune function Metabolic function Clymphatic function