L12: Consciousness And Sleep Flashcards
What is an illusion
Abnormal perception of external stimulus
What can illusion be
Completion
Affective
Pareldolia
What is completion
Illusion to fill in gaps
What is affective
Dependent on mood e.g a frightened kid sees a towel as person
What is paraldolia
Imagines seen abstract shapes due to fantasy thinking
What is hallucination
Perception in the absence of an external stimulus without subjective control
What are the forms of hallucination
See
Hear
What is organic hallucinations due to
Brain pathology due to tumour, stroke and acute confusional state
What is non organic hallucination due to
Mental health conditions e.g schizophrenia
What are the causes of hallucination
Organic
Non organic
What are the forms of point of view of hallucinations
2nd person
3rd person
Running commentary
What is 2nd person hallucination
A voice is speaking to you
What is 3rd person hallucinations
2 people are talking about you but not directly to you
What is running commentary in hallucinations
Listening to someone commenting
What can visual hallucinations be
Simple
Complex
What is simple visual hallucinations
Flashes light
What is complex visual hallucinations
Sensory modalities and moving images
What is possivity
A sensation of someone invading your body
What is gustatory hallucinations
An abnormal taste
What is olfactory hallucination
An abnormal smell
What is the definition of consicousness
A level of arousal and awareness of self and environment
What are the 3 dimensions of consciousness
1) coma, vegetative state and minimally conscious state
2) dissociative disorders
3) sleep
What are the 3 phases from consciousness to coma
1) clouding
2) drowsiness
3) coma
What is clouding
Disorientation
Impaired attention and concentration
What is drowsiness
Tendency to drift to sleep without sensory stimulation
Slow actions
Slurred speech
Reduced flexes
What is coma
No eye opening
No verbal response
No motor response
When is prolonged disorders of consciousness diagnosed for
More than 4 weeks
When is a non traumatic injury considered to be permanent
More than 6 months
When is traumatic injury considered to be permanent
When more than 12 months
What is coma
No arousal
No awareness
What is vegetative state
Auroral and no awareness
What is minimally conscious state
Arousal with minimal awareness
In com do we expect to have eye opening
No
In vegetative state is there eye opening
Yes
Is vegetative state is there sleep wake cycles
Yes
In vegetative state is there visual tracking
No
In minimally conscious state is there eye opening
Yes
In minimally conscious state is there sleep wake cycles
Yes
In minimally conscious state is there visual tracking
Often yes
In vegetative state what would the person not show
Voluntary behaviour
No language
In minimally conscious state what has the awareness has to be
Reproducible but can be inconsistent
What can cause prolonged disorders of consciousness
Trauma Vascular event Hypoxic Infection Toxic i.e drugs or alcohol poisoning
What type of injury has the lowest chance of recovery
Non traumatic injury compared to traumatic
What are dissociative disorders
A group of disorders characterised by disruption in the integrated functions of consciousness, memory and identity and perception of environment.
What is dissociative disorder considered to be a mechanism of
Mechanism of coping with stress by dissociating e.g for denial that is it not happening to them
What are the known dissociative disorder
Depersonalisation- derealisation disorder
Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative identity disorder
What does depersonalisation mean
Out of body experienced, someone is detached from their thoughts and feelings
What is derealisation
World around is unreal, people see objects as foggy
What is dissociative amnesia
When people cannot remember information about themselves or events in their past life
What is dissociative identity disorder
Memory gaps about everyday events and personal information
What is the behavioural definition of sleep
Recurrent regular reversible state characterised by quiescence and diminished response to external cues
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus involved in
Circadian rhythms that drives sleep
What does rising adenosine levels do
Makes you want to sleep
What is caffeine
An adenosine antagonist
What is the 2 types of sleep that we have
REM sleep
Non rem sleep
Which neurotransmitters are involved in non rem sleep
GABA (aminergic)
Which neurotransmitter is involved in rem sleep
Ach
As we age what happens to our sleep
REM sleep decreases
What a re the functions of sleep
Immune function
Metabolic function
Clymphatic function
