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DEM > L08: Learning And Memory > Flashcards

L08: Learning And Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important to understand how people behaviour

A

As doctors if we know why people behave the way they do we may be able to change it and promote healthy behaviours

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2
Q

What is classical conditioning about

A

Conditioning with a stimulus

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3
Q

Describe the stages of classical conditioning

A

Unconditioned stimulus
Neutral stimulus
Conditioning procedure
Neural stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus

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4
Q

What is an unconditioned stimulus, give an example from Pavlov dog

A

Food

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5
Q

What is the neutral stimulus about

A

If you ring a bell in the absence of the food the dog will not salivate

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6
Q

What is the conditioning procedure

A

Ringing a bell with food makes the dog salivate

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7
Q

What happens with the neutral stimulus

A

becomes the conditioned stimulus so in the absence of food the dog salivates

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8
Q

Therefore at the end of the procedure what does the conditioned stimulus allow

A

A conditioned response

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9
Q

Give real life examples of how classical conditioning is widespread

A

Fear

Pain

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10
Q

How does the little Albert study represent classical conditioning

A

1) An infant was not scared of rats
2) An infant was scared of loud noise
3) Loud noice and rat was combined which caused fear
4) Rat alone caused fear after conditioning

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11
Q

What is generalisation

A

When the stimulus becomes generalised to other stimuli that are similiar to the stimulus

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12
Q

What is operant (instrumental) conditioning

A

When consequences lead to changes in behaviour

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13
Q

What is social (observational) learning

A

When you learn by observing other people i.e social learning

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14
Q

Name an example of social learning

A

Boob-doll experiment

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15
Q

What is the boob-doll experiment about

A

1) children watched adults beat up a bobo doll
2) children was then taken to a room and made upset
3) Children started beating up the bobo doll as the way the adults did

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16
Q

What does the bobo-doll experiment show

A

A link between media violence and family history leads to violent child

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17
Q

How is memory linked to learning

A

To learn we need to remember

To remember you can only remember what you have learnt

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18
Q

What are the 3 stages of memory

A

1) encoding
2) storage
3) retrieval

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19
Q

What is the encoding stage

A

Process of transferring info from one memory stage to the next e.g from sensory memory to short memory then to long term memory

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20
Q

What is storage stage

A

Maintaining info

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21
Q

When is the storage stage not temporary

A

In long term memory

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22
Q

What is the retrieval stage

A

Process of bringing info from long term memory to conscious level in short term memory

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23
Q

How does the information flow into memory

A

1) external stimulus
2) sensory memory
3) short term memory
4) long term memory - ready to be retrieved

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24
Q

What is sensory memory related to

A

Perception

25
Q

Does short term memory have a capacity

A

Yes

26
Q

To maintain short term memory what has to be done

A

Rehearsal

27
Q

What is the primary and recency effect known as

A

Easier to remember first and last item

28
Q

How do we test for short term memory

A

Memory span task

29
Q

What is the memory span task

A

Present random letter at one at a time and remember it in the same order

30
Q

On average how many letters should someone remember

A

7 letters

31
Q

Does long term memory have a capacity

A

No it has an unlimited capacity

32
Q

How can long term memory be forgotten

A

Interference

Decay

33
Q

What does interference mean

A

Forgetting due to other information interfering

34
Q

What does decay mean

A

Info that is not retrieved is at risk of being forgotten so you either use it or lose it

35
Q

What are the 2 types of long term memory

A

Declarative memory

Procedural memory

36
Q

What is procedural memory

A

Knowing how to do things

37
Q

What is declarative memory

A

Remembering facts, data and events

38
Q

What can declarative memory be split into

A

Episodic memory

Semantic memory

39
Q

What is episodic memory

A

Personal experience in life

40
Q

What is semantic memory

A

Factual knowledge memory

41
Q

After consultation on average how much info do patients remember

A

50%

42
Q

What causes the decrease in remember info

A

Anxiety

Elderly

43
Q

Give exmaple of when memory can be impaired

A

Dementia
Amnesia
Delirium
Depression

44
Q

What is amnesia

A

A focal brain lesion

45
Q

What are the types of amnesia

A

Anterograde amnesia

Retrograde amnesia

46
Q

What is anterograde Amnesia

A

Cannot remember events after brain damage

47
Q

What is retrograde amnesia

A

Cannot remember events before brain damage

48
Q

Which lobe of the brain has a role in memory

A

Temporal lobe (medial region)

49
Q

What are the symptoms of anterograde amnesia

A 
Difficulty learning new info 
Confusion 
Personality and intelligence unaffected 
Good memory of the past 
Trouble holding a job
50
Q

What are the 2 components of operant conditioning

A

Reinforcement

Punishment

50
Q

What is the aim of reinforcement

A

Increase/maintain behaviour

50
Q

What is the aim of punishment

A

Decrease behaviour

50
Q

What can reinforcement or punishment be

A

Positive

Negative

50
Q

What does positive mean

A

Adding stimulus that is good or bad depending of it its for reinforcement or punishment

50
Q

What stimulus (positive) do we add for reinforcement

A

Pleasant stimulus

51
Q

What stimulus (positive) do we add for punishment

A

Unpleasant stimulus

52
Q

What does negative mean

A

Removing stimulus that is good or bad

53
Q

What stimulus to we remove for reinforcement

A

Unpleasant stimulus

54
Q

What stimulus do we remove for punishment

A

Pleasant stimulus

DEM (21 decks)

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