L- 9 Cardiovascular Disease IV Flashcards
whats a cardiovascular disease
patients often suffering from multiple conditions
what does high LDL to HDL ratio increase the risk of?
atherosclerosis
whats coronary heart disease
disease of the blood vessels supplying
the heart muscle
whats Cerebrovascular disease
disease of the blood vessels supplying
the brain
whats peripheral arterial disease
disease of blood vessels supplying
the arms and legs
whats rheumatic heart disease
damage of heart muscle and valves caused by streptococcal bacteria
whats congenital heart disease
malfunction of heart structure
whats deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
blood clots in leg veins which can move to lungs and hearts
how is the endothelial damaged
hypertension
diabetes
age
smoking
obesity
what happens with the endothelial is damaged
- change in surface structure of endothelial cells sticky surface allows rolling of white blood cells (monocytes) and activate platelets
stages of atherosclerotic plaque development
- lipoprotein trapping in the sub endothelial space
- lipoprotein aggregation
- monocytes move from bloodstream to injured site
- foam cell formation (monocytes become macrophages and engulf the lipoprotein)
- slow plaque develop over year
-plaque rupture
what causes damage to vessels
cigarette
high blood pressure
obesity
diabetes
physical inactivity
plaque formation causes
- usually asymptotic (no symptoms) until the plaque ruptures
- promotes formation of thrombosis
if plaque occurs in coronary artery it causes
myocardial infraction (heart attack)
angina pectoris (heart attack)
if plaque occurs in cerebral artery
ischaemic stroke
