L-2 The immune system

Question 1

susceptibility

Answer 1

lack of resistance to a disease

Question 2

immunity

Answer 2

ability to ward off disease

Question 3

innate immunity

Answer 3

defences against any pathogen

Question 4

adaptive immunity

Answer 4

adaptive resistance to a specific pathogen

Question 5

facts about innate immunity

Answer 5

• nonspecific defence mechanism
• provides immediate defence against infection
• come into play immediately
• include physical barriers ( skin, proteins in blood and immune cells)

Question 6

inflammation

Answer 6

• first response of the immune system to infection
• stimulated by chemical factors released by injured cells

Question 7

whats PRR

Answer 7

Pattern recognition receptors

Question 8

whats PAMP

Answer 8

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

Question 9

inflammation signs

Answer 9

redness
swelling
heat
pain
mucus

Question 10

what inflammatory mediators do cells release

Answer 10

histamine
serotonin
prostaglandins
bradykinin
leukotrienes

Question 11

what are toll like receptors and example

Answer 11

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors

• RNA/DNA virus
• gram positive/negative
• fungi / protists

Question 12

where are toll like receptors found

Answer 12

macrophages
mast cells
dendritic cells

Question 13

what does nod stand for

Answer 13

Nucleotide-bindingn Oligomerisation Domain

Question 14

what do Nod-like receptors do

Answer 14

sense infection and stress through the recognition of cytoplasmic PAMPs

Question 15

other innate immune receptors

Answer 15

host anti viral responses
- RIG I Like receptors
- Cytosolic DNA sensors

anti0fungal responses
- C type lectin receptors

Question 16

cells of the innate immune response

Answer 16

phagocytes
neutrophil
dendritic cells
mast cells
basophils
eosinophils
natural killer cells
t-cells

Question 17

whats the complement system

Answer 17

the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism

Question 18

what immunity is only found in vertebrates

Answer 18

adaptive immunity

Question 19

what are antigens

Answer 19

substances that can evoke a response from a B or T cell

Question 20

whats the small accessible part of an antigen that binds to an antigen called

Answer 20

epitope

Question 21

antigens example

Answer 21

intracellular antigens
extracellular antigens
dendritic cells
lymph nodes

Question 22

adaptive immune cells

Answer 22

B,T,Natural killer cells
antibodies

Question 23

where does T-cell mature
where does B-cell mature

Answer 23

thymus
spleen and SLO ( secondary lymphoid organs)

Question 24

antibody function

Answer 24

do not kill pathogens they mark pathogens for destruction
neutralisation

Question 25

B cells expressed 5 different forms

Answer 25

• IgD: Membrane bound
  – IgM: First soluble class produced
  – IgG: Second soluble class; most abundant
  – IgA and IgE: Remaining soluble classes

Question 26

what two cells are involved in immunological memory

Answer 26

memory B/T- cells

Question 27

active immunity

Answer 27

develops naturally due to memory cells
vaccines

Question 28

passive immunity

Answer 28

provides immediate, short term protection
example mother to infant breast milk
injecting antibodies