L-2 The immune system Flashcards
susceptibility
lack of resistance to a disease
immunity
ability to ward off disease
innate immunity
defences against any pathogen
adaptive immunity
adaptive resistance to a specific pathogen
facts about innate immunity
- nonspecific defence mechanism
- provides immediate defence against infection
- come into play immediately
- include physical barriers ( skin, proteins in blood and immune cells)
inflammation
- first response of the immune system to infection
- stimulated by chemical factors released by injured cells
whats PRR
Pattern recognition receptors
whats PAMP
Pathogen associated molecular patterns
inflammation signs
redness
swelling
heat
pain
mucus
what inflammatory mediators do cells release
histamine
serotonin
prostaglandins
bradykinin
leukotrienes
what are toll like receptors and example
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors
- RNA/DNA virus
- gram positive/negative
- fungi / protists
where are toll like receptors found
macrophages
mast cells
dendritic cells
what does nod stand for
Nucleotide-bindingn Oligomerisation Domain
what do Nod-like receptors do
sense infection and stress through the recognition of cytoplasmic PAMPs
other innate immune receptors
host anti viral responses
- RIG I Like receptors
- Cytosolic DNA sensors
anti0fungal responses
- C type lectin receptors
cells of the innate immune response
phagocytes
neutrophil
dendritic cells
mast cells
basophils
eosinophils
natural killer cells
t-cells
whats the complement system
the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism
what immunity is only found in vertebrates
adaptive immunity
what are antigens
substances that can evoke a response from a B or T cell
whats the small accessible part of an antigen that binds to an antigen called
epitope
antigens example
intracellular antigens
extracellular antigens
dendritic cells
lymph nodes
adaptive immune cells
B,T,Natural killer cells
antibodies
where does T-cell mature
where does B-cell mature
thymus
spleen and SLO ( secondary lymphoid organs)
antibody function
do not kill pathogens they mark pathogens for destruction
neutralisation
B cells expressed 5 different forms
- IgD: Membrane bound
– IgM: First soluble class produced
– IgG: Second soluble class; most abundant
– IgA and IgE: Remaining soluble classes
what two cells are involved in immunological memory
memory B/T- cells
active immunity
develops naturally due to memory cells
vaccines
passive immunity
provides immediate, short term protection
example mother to infant breast milk
injecting antibodies
